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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Jun 19.
Published in final edited form as: J Appl Toxicol. 2013 May 20;34(5):480–488. doi: 10.1002/jat.2888

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Effects of E2 (A) and ketamine (B) on the expression of vtg 1, cyp19a1a and cyp19a1b genes in zebrafish embryos. Embryos at 48 h post fertilization (hpf) were treated with either 1 nM estradiol-17β (E2) or 2 mM ketamine for 24 h (static exposure). Total RNA was isolated from the embryos. After first strand cDNA synthesis from the RNA, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was performed. The 2-ΔΔCT method was used to determine relative gene expression. The GAPDH gene was the internal control for all RT-qPCR experiments. Data were averaged and shown as normalized (fold change over control) gene expression ± SD. One-way ANOVA and Holm Sidak pair-wise multiple comparison post-hocs (Sigma Stat 3.1 for analysis) were used to determine statistical significance with P < 0.05 (*).