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. 2017 May 30;114(24):E4884–E4893. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1613499114

Fig. 5.

Fig. 5.

Effect of gravistimulation on apoplastic pH in WT and fer4 seedlings. (A–F) Mean 458/405 signal intensities in the epidermal cell layer at the outer and inner side of the root of WT and fer-4 seedlings after 45 min gravistimulation (90°) compared with nonstimulated seedlings, visualized using HPTS staining. Error bars represent SEM (n = 17 roots per line). Statistical significance was tested using a two-way ANOVA test with Bonferroni posttests. Outer/inner factor P values: *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001. (Scale bars: 10 μm.) (G) Gravitropic index (50) of 7-d-old WT and fer-4 seedlings. (H) Gravitropic response of 4-d-old seedlings gravistimulated for 6 h (90°). y-axis shows the mean angle of the root tip with respect to the horizontal (base of the root), as depicted in the schematic. (I) Root elongation of 4-d-old seedlings gravistimulated for 6 h (90°). (G–I) Error bars represent SEM (n ≥ 23 roots per line). Student t test P values: *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001.