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. 2017 Jun 19;8:1048. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01048

FIGURE 1.

FIGURE 1

Schematic representation of the ginsenoside biosynthetic pathway in Panax ginseng; AACT, acetoacetyl CoA transferase; CAS, cycloartenol synthase; DMAPP, dimethylallyl diphosphate; DDS, dammarenediol synthase; DXP, 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate; DXR, 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate reductoisomerase; DXS, 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase; FPP, farnesyl diphosphate; FPPS, farnesyl diphosphate synthase; GAP, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate; HMGR, HMG-CoA reductase; HMGS, HMG-CoA synthase; IDI, isopentenyl-diphosphate delta-isomerase; IPP, isopentenyl diphosphate; LSS, lanosterol synthase; MEP, 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate; MVK, mevalonate kinase; MVA, mevalonic acid; MDD, mevalonate diphosphate decarboxylase; MVP, mevalonic acid 5-phosphate; MVPP, 5-diphosphomevalonate; PMK, phosphomevalonate kinase; PPDS, protopanaxadiol synthase; PPTS, protopanaxatriol synthase; SQE, squalene epoxidase; SQS, squalene synthase; β-AS, β-amyrin synthase.