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. 2017 Jun 7;21:34–36. doi: 10.1016/j.gore.2017.06.008

Fig. 2.

Fig. 2

Sandwich assay schematic demonstrating a normal positive hCG test (A) where intact hCG molecule is recognized by both fixed and free-floating antibodies with a reporter label and a false negative hCG test due to the hook-effect (B) where excess hCG saturates both fixed and free-floating antibodies preventing sandwich formation (Griffey et al., 2013).