Table 1.
General characteristics across quintiles (Q1–Q5) of the dietary inflammatory index (DII).
| Q1 (n = 578) |
Q2 (n = 579) |
Q3 (n = 577) |
Q4 (n = 578) |
Q5 (n = 577) |
pa | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DII | 0.79 (−1.17; 1.35) | 1.63 (1.35; 1.87) | 2.06 (1.87; 2.26) | 2.42 (2.26; 2.61) | 2.87 (2.61; 3.66) | <0.001 |
| Male, n (%) | 336 (58.1) | 291 (50.3) | 242 (41.9) | 229 (39.6) | 220 (38.1) | <0.001 |
| Age (years) | 19.2 (18.8, 19.6) | 17.5 (17.1, 17.9) | 16.9 (16.5, 17.3) | 15.7 (15.3, 16.1) | 14.5 (14.1, 14.9) | <0.001 |
| Physical activity (min/day) | 145 (134, 156) | 134 (123, 145) | 127 (116, 138) | 130 (119, 141) | 127 (116, 138) | 0.024 |
| Maternal education, n (%)b | 112 (19.6) | 99 (17.4) | 93 (16.3) | 108 (18.8) | 87 (15.2) | 0.460 |
| Community size, n (%)c | <0.001 | |||||
| <10,000 | 130 (22.5) | 119 (20.6) | 132 (22.9) | 126 (21.8) | 126 (21.8) | |
| 10,000–50,000 | 104 (18.0) | 130 (22.5) | 140 (24.3) | 168 (29.1) | 177 (30.7) | |
| 50,000–350,000 | 150 (26.0) | 158 (27.3) | 150 (26.0) | 175 (30.3) | 163 (28.2) | |
| >350,000 | 194 (33.6) | 172 (29.7) | 155 (26.9) | 109 (18.9) | 111 (19.2) | |
| Region, n (%)d | 0.837 | |||||
| Central | 144 (24.9) | 146 (25.2) | 141 (24.4) | 155 (26.8) | 133 (23.1) | |
| Northeast | 151 (26.1) | 137 (23.7) | 134 (23.2.6) | 140 (24.2) | 130 (22.5) | |
| North | 120 (20.8) | 112 (19.3) | 142 (24.6) | 128 (22.1) | 142 (24.6) | |
| South | 75 (13.0) | 93 (16.1) | 76 (13.2) | 77 (13.3) | 83 (14.4) | |
| East | 71 (12.3) | 73 (12.6) | 64 (11.1) | 63 (10.9) | 70 (12.1) | |
| Canary Islands | 17 (2.94) | 18 (3.11) | 20 (3.47) | 15 (2.6) | 19 (3.29) |
Data are shown as mean and range for DII; mean and 95% confidence interval for continuous variables (age and physical activity); and proportions within quintiles for categorical variables (male gender, maternal education level, community size, and region).
ap Values were obtained by ANOVA, Kruskal–Wallis, and Pearson chi-square for normal continuous, non-normal continuous, and categorical variables, respectively.
bMaternal education expressed as proportion with university degree.
cPercentage expressed as proportion within community size.
dPercentage expressed as proportion within region.