Table 1.
Descriptive details of trauma variables, psychiatric diagnoses, and symptoms in overall sample.
| Psychiatric diagnoses and symptoms | N | % |
|---|---|---|
| Moderate-to-severe exposure to abuse | 86 | 45.0 |
| DSM-5 PTSD | 72 | 38.1 |
| ICD-11 CPTSDa | 33 | 17.4 |
| Mean (SD) | Range | |
| Child abuse severity (CTQ) | 43.04 (19.56) | 25–108 |
| Lifetime trauma load (TEI; excluding child abuse) | 4.37 (2.74) | 0–12 |
| PTSD symptom severity (mPSS) | 15.44 (12.39) | 0–47 |
| Depression symptom severity (BDI) | 16.14 (12.04) | 0–65 |
| Total emotion dysregulation symptoms (DERS) | 70.63 (23.10) | 36–141 |
| Non-acceptance | 10.92 (5.09) | |
| Difficulty with goal-directed behaviour | 11.37 (5.04) | |
| Difficulty controlling impulses | 11.15 (5.24) | |
| Lack of emotional awareness | 12.90 (4.94) | |
| Difficulty with emotion regulation strategies | 14.66 (5.96) | |
| Lack of emotional clarity | 9.63 (4.00) | |
| Total dissociative symptoms (MDI) | 48.58 (18.30) | 30–110 |
| Disengagement | 10.28 (4.47) | |
| Depersonalization | 6.63 (2.86) | |
| Derealization | 8.17 (3.68) | |
| Emotional constriction | 9.09 (4.39) | |
| Memory disturbance | 8.14 (3.46) | |
| Identity dissociation | 6.27 (2.97) |
CTQ = childhood trauma questionnaire; TEI = traumatic events inventory; mPSS = modified PTSD symptom scale; BDI = Beck Depression Inventory; DERS = difficulties in emotion regulation scale; MDI = multiscale dissociative index; aall individuals that met criteria for CPTSD also met criteria for DSM-5 PTSD.