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. 2017 Jun 19;4:86. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2017.00086

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Copyright © 2017 Schlee, Hall, Edvall, Langguth, Canlon and Cederroth.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Radar plot profiling that characterizes greater burden in women with tinnitus than in men. Radar plots illustrating the evaluation of global changes in tinnitus burden according to occasional tinnitus for men (A) and women (B) and constant tinnitus for men (D) and women (E). In all four plots, a solid line shows the average, with the 95% confidence intervals represented by the dashed lines. Average tinnitus-associated burden, for men (blue) and women (pink) is shown for occasional (C) and constant (F) tinnitus. Measures from (G) negligible, (H) mild/moderate, and (I) severe/catastrophic THI groups from the STOP database. The blue background gathers the tinnitus domain assessed with the THI and several numerical rating scales, the light blue represents the tinnitus-associated fears, the hyperacusis domain is marked in purple, emotional affects are in orange, and the yellow background represents the quality of life domain evaluated with the WHOQoL-BREF. The continuous line shows the average scores, and the dashed lines illustrate the 95% confidence intervals. Instruments are labeled as follows: THI, tinnitus-related psychological distress; Lo, tinnitus loudness; Aw, tinnitus awareness; An, tinnitus annoyance; TCS, tinnitus catastrophizing; FTQ, tinnitus fears; HQ, hyperacusis questionnaire; S, stress; A, anxiety; D, depression scores; quality of life for physical (Qph), psychological (Qps), social (Qso), and environment (Qen). Color dots illustrate the severity score of those instruments with published severity category boundaries: negligible (green), moderate (orange), and severe (red).