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. 2017 Apr 6;7(3):213–219. doi: 10.1177/2192568217694151

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© The Author(s) 2017

This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 License (http://www.creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) which permits non-commercial use, reproduction and distribution of the work as published without adaptation or alteration, without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access pages (https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage).

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Figure 3. — The elective lumbar spine surgery trend continued upwards with a growth of 4.9% during the economic downturn from 2008 to 2009. The years of the economic downturn are highlighted in light gray.