Table 5.
Outcome of ARDS patients meeting ARDS criteria within 48 h of acute hypoxemic respiratory failure onset (n = 2813)
| Parameters | Before propensity score matching | After propensity score matching | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ARDS patients with ≥1 risk factor identified (n = 2579) | ARDS patients with no risk factor identified (n = 234) | p valuea | ARDS patients with ≥1 risk factor identified (n = 214) | ARDS patients with no risk factor identified (n = 214) | p valuea | |
| Matched variables | ||||||
| Age (years) | 61 ± 17 | 65 ± 15 | <0.01 | 68 ± 14 | 66 ± 15 | 0.08 |
| Immunoincompetence | 544 (21.9) | 40 (17.9) | 0.17 | 34 (15.9) | 38 (17.8) | 0.67 |
| Diabetes | 548 (21.2) | 65 (27.8) | 0.025 | 62 (29.0) | 61 (28.5) | 0.99 |
| COPD | 527 (20.4) | 80 (34.2) | <0.01 | 73 (34.1) | 72 (33.6) | 0.99 |
| Chronic renal failure | 248 (9.6) | 38 (16.2) | <0.01 | 30 (14.0) | 33 (15.4) | 0.75 |
| Chronic cardiac failure | 252 (9.8) | 38 (16.2) | <0.01 | 38 (17.8) | 34 (15.9) | 0.66 |
| Chronic liver failure | 106 (4.1) | 6 (2.6) | 0.33 | 5 (2.3) | 6 (2.8) | 0.99 |
| pH | 7.33 ± 0.12 | 7.33 ± 0.12 | 0.90 | 7.33 ± 0.12 | 7.33 ± 0.12 | 0.99 |
| PaO2/FiO2 ratio (mmHg) | 159 ± 67 | 169 ± 68 | 0.03 | 169 ± 65 | 168 ± 68 | 0.86 |
| Set PEEP (cmH2O) | 8.2 ± 3.2 | 7.5 ± 2.4 | <0.01 | 7.7 ± 2.8 | 7.5 ± 2.4 | 0.43 |
| Day 1 non-pulmonary SOFA scorec | 6.3 ± 4.1 | 5.3 ± 3.7 | <0.01 | 5.6 ± 3.9 | 5.5 ± 3.7 | 0.70 |
| NIV | 378 (14.7) | 58 (24.8) | <0.01 | 46 (21.5) | 47 (22.0) | 0.91 |
| Outcome variables | ||||||
| Invasive ventilation free days to day 28 (days) | 9 [0–21] | 14 [0–24] | <0.01 | 10 [0–21] | 14 [0–24] | 0.16 |
| Duration of invasive ventilation (days) | ||||||
| All patients | 8 [4–15] | 6 [3–14] | <0.01 | 8 [4–16] | 6 [3–14] | <0.01 |
| Surviving patients | 9 [4–15] | 5 [3–12] | <0.01 | 8 [4–16] | 8 [4–14] | <0.01 |
| ICU length of stay (days) | ||||||
| All patients | 10 [5–18] | 8 [4–16] | <0.01 | 11 [5–20] | 8 [4–16] | 0.02 |
| Surviving patients | 11 [6–20] | 8 [4–15] | <0.01 | 11 [5–22] | 8 [4–16] | 0.02 |
| Decision of withholding or withdrawing treatments | 639 (24.8) | 63 (26.9) | 0.52 | 53 (24.8) | 59 (27.6) | 0.56 |
| ICU Mortality | 902 (35.0) | 64 (27.3) | 0.02 | 67 (31.3) | 59 (27.6) | 0.44 |
| Hospital length of stay (days) | ||||||
| All patients | 17 [8–32] | 14 [8–26] | 0.03 | 18 [10–32] | 14 [8–26] | <0.01 |
| Surviving patients | 23 [13–40] | 16 [11–31] | <0.01 | 25 [14–44] | 16 [10–32] | <0.01 |
| Hospital mortality | 1029 (40.0) | 81 (34.6) | 0.12 | 81 (37.9) | 75 (35.1) | 0.60 |
Categorical variables are shown as n (%); Continuos variables are expressed as median [1st–3rd quartiles]
ARDS: Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; NIV, non-invasive ventilation; SOFA: Sequential Organ Failure Assessment; FiO2, inspired fraction of oxygen; ICU, intensive care unit
a p value represents comparisons across ARDS with or without known risk factor; Parametric or nonparametric tests were used according to the distribution of variables