Fig. 1.

The relative mRNA expression of MAPK1, MAPK3, SMAD2, SMAD3 BMP6, and BMP15 standardized with mRNA expression of beta-actin in oviduct cells (OCs) during the anestrus, estrus, and diestrus stages. Gene expression of MAPK1 and MAPK3 in OCs during the estrus cycle (a, b). Gene expression of SMAD2 andSMAD3 in OCs during the estrus cycle (c, d). Gene expression of BMP6 and BMP15 in OCs during the estrus cycle (e, f). Values are means ± standard error of the mean from three independent samples of oviduct cells. Different superscripts (a–c) represent significant differences among groups (P < 0.05). AN OC oviduct cells in anestrus stage, ES OC oviduct cells in estrus stage, DI OC oviduct cells in diestrus stage