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. 2017 Jun 19;7:3828. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-03201-1

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Urine output changes were related to urine concentrating ability and irrelevant to urine ion excretion. (A) Urine concentrating ability was reflected by urine osmolality (n = 7–10), higher osmolality means more concentrated primary urine. Water loading itself largely decreased urine osmolality, YH could further lower it, whereas GC and YG had no effect. HCTZ also failed to influence urine osmolality. (B to D) Total amount of Na⁺, K⁺, Cl⁻ excretion, calculated by urine electrolytes concentration standardized by urine Cr concentration (n = 7 to 10). Water loading with NS (M group) caused large amount of NaCl excretion, but have little influence on K⁺. HCTZ diluted urine through accelerating Na⁺ and Cl⁻ excretion, meanwhile caused K⁺ loss. GC also caused K+ loss while YH did not influence these ion excretions, so the UCF changes cannot be explained by ion excretion. ^& P < 0.05 compared to N group; *P < 0.05 compared to M group.