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. 2017 Jun 14;12:1731–1740. doi: 10.2147/COPD.S121723

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© 2017 Beier et al. This work is published and licensed by Dove Medical Press Limited

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Symptomatic patients: change from baseline in symptom severity in the early morning (A) and nighttime (B), and limitation of early-morning activity (C) over 6 weeks.

Notes: Percentage reduction is shown in brackets. Placebo N=60, aclidinium 400 μg N=116, tiotropium 18 μg N=101. *P<0.05, **P<0.01 versus placebo; ^#P<0.05 versus tiotropium. Specific symptoms (A): 1= mild, 2= moderate, 3= severe, 4= very severe; any symptom: 1= no symptoms, 2= mild, 3= moderate, 4= severe, 5= very severe. For patients with no symptom, a zero value was assigned. Nighttime symptom severity (B): 1= mild, 2= moderate, 3= severe, 4= very severe. Limitation of activity (C): 1= not at all, 2= a little, 3= moderately, 4= a good deal, 5= a very good deal.

Abbreviation: LS, least squares.