Table 1.
Demographic characteristics, pulmonary function test results, hemodynamics, and echocardiography parameters of patients with normal/PH vs severe PH
| Variable | Normal/PH (n=51) | Severe PH (n=56) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 64.0 (57.5, 70.5) | 61.0 (48.0, 67.8) | 0.059 |
| Men | 30 (66.7%) | 37 (61.7%) | 0.638 |
| BSA (m2) | 1.6±0.2 | 1.6±0.2 | 0.543 |
| Diagnosis | |||
| COPD | 35 (68.6%) | 40 (71.4%) | 0.753 |
| Interstitial lung disease | 4 (7.8%) | 6 (10.7%) | 0.612 |
| Other diseases with mixed restrictive and obstructive pattern | |||
| Combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema | 1 (2.0%) | 1 (1.8%) | 0.947 |
| Lobectomia pulmonalis | 3 (5.9%) | 1 (1.8%) | 0.267 |
| Chest deformity | 1 (2.0%) | 1 (1.8%) | 0.947 |
| Lung destruction due to tuberculosis | 3 (5.9%) | 2 (3.6%) | 0.573 |
| Bronchiectasis | 1 (2.0%) | 3 (5.4%) | 0.357 |
| Pneumoconiosis | 1 (2.0%) | 0 (1.7%) | 0.295 |
| Sleep-disordered breathing | 1 (2.0%) | 2 (3.6%) | 0.616 |
| Alveolar hypoventilation disorders | 1 (2.0%) | 0 | 0.295 |
| Comorbidities | |||
| Systemic hypertension | 10 (22.2%) | 10 (16.7%) | 0.616 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 3 (6.7%) | 1 (1.7%) | 0.311 |
| Coronary heart disease | 4 (8.9%) | 1 (1.7%) | 0.162 |
| Malignant tumor | 0 | 1 (1.7%) | 0.386 |
| Arrhythmia | 6 (13.3%) | 4 (6.7%) | 0.320 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 3 (6.7%) | 0 | 0.076 |
| Previous cerebral infarction | 0 | 1 (1.7%) | 0.386 |
| Pulmonary function test | |||
| FEV1 % predicted | 48.8±23.3 | 48.5±21.0 | 0.309 |
| FVC % predicted | 67.5±25.4 | 62.0±20.7 | 0.664 |
| FEV1/FVC % predicted | 57.7±18.2 | 61.9±16.1 | 0.409 |
| RV % predicted | 178.9±62.9 | 156.3±55.3 | 0.178 |
| TLC % predicted | 109.5±27.4 | 101.2±19.6 | 0.197 |
| DLco % predicted | 51.4±27.4 | 57.6±33.9 | 0.471 |
| Hemodynamics | |||
| mRAP (mmHg) | 4.0 (2.0, 5.0) | 7.0 (4.0, 9.0) | <0.001 |
| mPAP (mmHg) | 29.0 (24.5, 32.0) | 47.0 (41.0, 57.5) | <0.001 |
| PAWP (mmHg) | 8.1±3.4 | 9.9±4.3 | 0.022 |
| CO (L/min) | 5.7 (4.3, 6.6) | 4.7 (4.0, 5.7) | 0.034 |
| Cardiac index (L/min/m2) | 3.5±0.8 | 3.2±1.0 | 0.192 |
| PVR (Wood units) | 3.6 (2.4, 4.8) | 7.9 (6.2, 10.2) | <0.001 |
| Echocardiography | |||
| LVEF (%) | 69.1±7.6 | 71.3±9.3 | 0.186 |
| RATD (cm) | 4.0 (3.5, 4.7) | 4.8 (3.2, 5.5) | <0.001 |
| RALD (cm) | 4.5 (3.9, 5.4) | 5.2 (4.5, 6.0) | 0.005 |
| RVEDTD (cm) | 3.5 (3.1, 3.9) | 4.3 (3.8, 5.0) | <0.001 |
| RVEDLD (cm) | 5.8 (5.5, 6.7) | 6.5 (5.8, 7.1) | 0.011 |
| PASP (mmHg) | 47.4±11.6 | 76.0±21.9 | <0.001 |
| TAPSE (cm) | 2.0±0.3 | 1.7±0.3 | <0.001 |
| PAd (cm) | 2.4 (2.2, 2.7) | 2.8 (2.6, 3.2) | <0.001 |
| ENDSEI | 1.0 (1.0, 1.1) | 1.3 (1.1, 1.5) | <0.001 |
| PASP – yes | 41 (80.4%) | 52 (92.9%) | 0.057 |
Note: Data shown as mean ± SD, n (%) or median (quartile range).
Abbreviations: PH, pulmonary hypertension; BSA, body surface area; FEV1, forced expiratory volume in 1 s; FVC, forced vital capacity; RV, residual volume; TLC, total lung capacity; DLco, diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide; mRAP, mean right atrium pressure; mPAP, mean pulmonary artery pressure; PAWP, pulmonary artery wedge pressure; CO, cardiac output; PVR, pulmonary vascular resistance; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; RATD, right atrial transverse dimension; RALD, right atrial longitudinal dimension; RVEDTD, right ventricular end-diastolic transverse dimension; RVEDLD, right ventricular end-diastolic longitudinal dimension; PASP, pulmonary arterial systolic pressure; TAPSE, tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion; PAd, pulmonary artery diameter; ENDSEI, end-systolic-stage eccentricity index.