Table 4.
Number of items by domain, concept, and development phase
| Domain and concept | Phase of development
|
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Initial item pool (n=53) | Cognitive debriefing
|
Draft PRO measure (n=35) | ||
| Modified (n=22) | Omitted (n=18) | |||
| Memory | ||||
| Forgetfulness during conversation | 2 | 1 | – | 2 |
| Acquisition of information | 2 | 1 | – | 2 |
| Location of items | 1 | 1 | – | 1 |
| Agenda/tasks | 2 | 1 | – | 2 |
| Directions | 1 | 1 | – | 1 |
| Long-term retention | 1 | 1 | – | 1 |
| General difficultiesa | 1 | – | 1 | 0 |
| Attention | ||||
| Mind wandering | 2 | – | 1 | 1 |
| Screening out distractions | 1 | 1 | – | 1 |
| Ability to let go of thoughts | 1 | – | – | 1 |
| Racing or disorganized thoughts | 1 | 1 | – | 1 |
| Completion of tasks | 1 | 1 | – | 1 |
| Executive functioning | ||||
| Planning and organization of steps | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Flexibility | 2 | 1 | – | 2 |
| Seeing the full picture | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Creativity in problem-solving/thinking ‘outside the box’ | 2 | 1 | – | 2 |
| Sharpness of thought | ||||
| Mentally blocked/blank | 1 | 1 | – | 1 |
| Fogginess/cloudiness/lack of clarity | 2 | – | 1 | 1 |
| Slow processing | 4 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| Communication/social cognition | ||||
| Missed social cues | 1 | – | – | 1 |
| Self-expression: meaning | 1 | 1 | – | 1 |
| Self-expression: speech | 3 | 1 | 2 | 1 |
| Difficulty interacting/relating with others | 5 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
| Metacognitive abilities | ||||
| Understanding/distinguishing self from others | 4 | – | 4 | 0 |
| Self-control | 4 | 1 | 1 | 3 |
| Unmooring of thought from context | 2 | – | 2 | 0 |
| Additional itemsb | ||||
| Bother | 2 | 2 | – | 2 |
Notes:
a
One item for general memory difficulties was included for cognitive debriefing but omitted from the draft PRO measure due to redundancy, as reported by the respondents.
b
Items related to the level of bother were added to capture the perceived impact of cognitive difficulties related to schizophrenia.
Abbreviation: PRO, patient-reported outcome.