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. 2017 Jun 12;8:143–154. doi: 10.2147/OAJSM.S133406

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© 2017 Petersen et al. This work is published and licensed by Dove Medical Press Limited

The full terms of this license are available at https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php and incorporate the Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/). By accessing the work you hereby accept the Terms. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed.

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Algorithm for the pathogenesis of PFPS.

Notes: Patellar maltracking due to a functional malalignment in the coronal and sagittal planes may be an underlying cause of patellofemoral pain. Possible causes of functional malalignment may be decreased hip muscle strength, low back problems, or foot abnormalities. Secondary consequences include quadriceps imbalance, hamstring tightness, or iliotibial tract tightness. Psychological factors could additionally modify the pain sensation.

Abbreviation: PFPS, patellofemoral pain syndrome.