Table 5.
Adjusted associations of health behaviors, body mass index, and diagnosed chronic diseases with health app possession among smartphone or tablet owners (n=4129; adjusted for age, sex, marital status, education, employment, income, mode of survey; all variables in this table were mutually adjusted).
| Demographic characteristics |
Overall (n=995), aOR (95% CI) | P value | Track physical activity (n=667), aOR (95% CI) | P value | Log health records (n=428), aOR (95% CI) | P value | Track health measures (n=300), aOR (95% CI) | P value | Manage diseases (n=206), aOR (95% CI) | P value | Track calories (n=178), aOR (95% CI) | P value | |
| Smoking status | |||||||||||||
| Nonsmoker | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||
| Current smoker | 0.89 (0.65-1.21) | .46 | 0.88 (0.62-1.26) | .48 | 0.81 (0.49-1.33) | .40 | 0.77 (0.46-1.28) | .31 | 0.87 (0.46-1.66) | .68 | 0.82 (0.42-1.62) | .57 | |
| Ex-smoker | 1.05 (0.77-1.42) | .77 | 1.29 (0.91-1.83) | .15 | 1.07 (0.67-1.71) | .78 | 1.08 (0.67-1.75) | .75 | 0.90 (0.48-1.70) | .75 | 1.06 (0.54-2.06) | .87 | |
| Alcohol use | |||||||||||||
| Never | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||
| Occasional | 1.09 (0.90-1.32) | .40 | 1.19 (0.94-1.49) | .14 | 1.17 (0.88-1.54) | .28 | 1.23 (0.90-1.69) | .19 | 1.40 (0.97-2.02) | .07 | 0.72 (0.47-1.10) | .13 | |
| 1-3 days/month | 1.13 (0.88-1.44) | .34 | 1.25 (0.95-1.66) | .12 | 1.18 (0.83-1.67) | .35 | 1.32 (0.90-1.93) | .16 | 0.93 (0.56-1.54) | .77 | 1.24 (0.78-1.98) | .37 | |
| 1 day or more/week | 0.94 (0.70-1.26) | .66 | 1.35 (0.98-1.88) | .07 | 1.12 (0.73-1.72) | .62 | 1.48 (0.95-2.30) | .08 | 0.85 (0.45-1.57) | .60 | 1.33 (0.77-2.33) | .31 | |
| Ex-drinker | 0.95 (0.55-1.65) | .87 | 0.99 (0.50-1.94) | .97 | 0.72 (0.28-1.87) | .50 | 0.97 (0.37-2.52) | .95 | 0.26 (0.04-1.95) | .19 | 0.26 (0.03-1.90) | .18 | |
| Moderate physical activity | |||||||||||||
| None | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||
| 1-3 days/week | 1.45 (1.20-1.75) | <.001 | 1.46 (1.18-1.82) | .001 | 1.53 (1.17-2.01) | .002 | 1.50 (1.10-2.03) | .009 | 1.74 (1.21-2.50) | .003 | 1.84 (1.25-2.70) | .002 | |
| 4-7 days/week | 1.32 (1.07-1.62) | .008 | 1.21 (0.95-1.55) | .13 | 1.45 (1.07-1.96) | .02 | 1.72 (1.24-2.37) | .001 | 1.32 (0.87-2.01) | .20 | 1.49 (0.96-2.32) | .08 | |
| Body mass index | |||||||||||||
| 18.5-<23 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||
| <18.5 | 1.18 (0.86-1.61) | .31 | 1.05 (0.73-1.51) | .79 | 1.22 (0.82-1.81) | .32 | 0.89 (0.53-1.48) | .65 | 1.42 (0.82-2.44) | .21 | 1.06 (0.58-1.95) | .84 | |
| 23-<25 | 0.91 (0.69-1.19) | .49 | 0.93 (0.67-1.28) | .65 | 1.19 (0.83-1.70) | .34 | 0.95 (0.61-1.46) | .80 | 0.74 (0.42-1.28) | .28 | 1.42 (0.86-2.36) | .17 | |
| >25 | 1.09 (0.84-1.42) | .52 | 1.09 (0.80-1.49) | .60 | 1.19 (0.82-1.71) | .36 | 1.08 (0.70-1.65) | .73 | 1.10 (0.67-1.79) | .72 | 0.81 (0.44-1.50) | .51 | |
| Diagnosed chronic diseases | |||||||||||||
| No | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||
| Yes | 1.36 (1.11-1.68) | .003 | 1.48 (1.16-1.89) | .001 | 1.28 (0.94-1.74) | .12 | 1.24 (0.89-1.73) | .20 | 1.21 (0.81-1.82) | .35 | 1.55 (1.02-2.38) | .04 | |