Table 1.
Clinical Characteristics by N Stage (0–1 vs. 2–3) as Determined by EBUS-TBNA for 633 Patients with Both CT and PET
| N0 or N1 Disease (n = 473) | N2 or N3 Disease (n = 160) | P Value* | Univariate OR (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, yr, mean ± SD | 68.7 ± 9.4 | 65.2 ± 10.5 | <0.001† | 0.96 (095–0.98) |
| Sex, n (%) | 0.28 | |||
| Female | 222 (46.9) | 83 (51.9) | 1.00 (ref) | |
| Male | 251 (53.1) | 77 (48.1) | 0.80 (0.57–1.13) | |
| Race, n (%) | 0.61 | |||
| White | 397 (84.5) | 137 (86.2) | 1.00 (ref) | |
| Black | 35 (7.4) | 13 (8.2) | 1.06 (0.57–1.97) | |
| Hispanic | 23 (4.9) | 7 (4.4) | 0.98 (0.45–2.13) | |
| Asian | 15 (3.2) | 2 (1.3) | 0.56 (0.16–1.99) | |
| ASA score, n (%) | 0.43‡ | |||
| 1 | 3 (0.6) | 3 (1.9) | 1.00 (ref) | |
| 2 | 35 (7.4) | 14 (8.8) | 0.45 (0.08–2.45) | |
| 3 | 429 (90.7) | 142 (88.8) | 0.34 (0.07–1.72) | |
| 4 | 6 (1.3) | 1 (0.6) | 0.17 (0.01–2.37) | |
| Tobacco history, n (%) | 0.65 | |||
| Never used | 47 (9.9) | 12 (7.5) | 1.05 (0.55–2.02) | |
| Prior use | 326 (68.9) | 114 (71.3) | 1.04 (0.68–1.58) | |
| Current | 100 (21.1) | 34 (21.3) | 1.00 (ref) | |
| ECOG, n (%) | 0.14 | |||
| 0 | 135 (28.5) | 39 (24.4) | 1.00 (ref) | |
| 1 | 238 (50.3) | 96 (60) | 1.37 (0.91–2.06) | |
| 2 | 85 (18) | 23 (14.4) | 1.06 (0.62–1.81) | |
| 3 | 15 (3.2) | 2 (1.3) | 0.45 (0.01–2.03) | |
| Size of the tumor, n (%) | 0.39 | |||
| ≤3 cm | 209 (44.2) | 63 (39.4) | 1.00 (ref) | |
| >3 cm but ≤5 cm | 150 (31.7) | 60 (37.5) | 1.38 (0.93–2.04) | |
| >5 cm | 114 (24.1) | 37 (23.1) | 1.27 (0.83–1.96) | |
| Lobar location of tumor, n (%) | 0.23 | |||
| Left upper or lingula | 141 (29.8) | 40 (25) | 1.00 (ref) | |
| Left lower lobe | 74 (15.6) | 20 (12.5) | 0.96 (0.54–1.72) | |
| Right upper lobe | 158 (33.4) | 55 (34.4) | 1.29 (0.83–2.01) | |
| Right lower or middle lobe | 100 (21.1) | 45 (28.1) | 1.74 (1.09–2.78) | |
| Location, n (%) | 0.05 | |||
| Outer two-thirds of lung | 365 (77.2) | 111 (69.4) | 1.00 (ref) | |
| Central one-third of lung | 108 (22.8) | 49 (30.6) | 1.42 (0.98–2.07) | |
| Histology, n (%) | 0.02 | |||
| Adenocarcinoma | 234 (49.5) | 97 (60.6) | 1.00 (ref) | |
| Squamous cell carcinoma | 177 (37.4) | 40 (25) | 0.51 (0.34–0.75) | |
| Non–small cell carcinoma | 40 (8.5) | 18 (11.3) | 0.95 (0.54–1.67) | |
| Other primary lung cancer | 22 (4.7) | 5 (3.1) | 0.51 (0.21–1.28) | |
| CT characteristics, n (%) | 0.09 | |||
| Cavitary | 18 (3.8) | 4 (2.5) | 1.00 (ref) | |
| Ground glass, semi-solid or infiltrate | 32 (6.8) | 4 (2.5) | 0.66 (0.18–-2.45) | |
| Solid | 423 (89.4) | 152 (95) | 1.33 (0.48–3.62) | |
| Satellite lesion in same lobe, n (%) | 0.14 | |||
| No | 452 (95.6) | 157 (98.1) | 1.00 (ref) | |
| Yes | 21 (4.4) | 3 (1.9) | 0.38 (0.11–1.27) | |
| N stage by CT, n (%) | <0.001 | |||
| 0 | 217 (45.9) | 23 (14.4) | 1.00 (ref) | |
| 1 | 68 (14.4) | 15 (9.4) | 1.91 (0.95–3.82) | |
| 2 | 119 (25.2) | 79 (49.4) | 6.74 (4.09–1.11) | |
| 3 | 69 (14.6) | 43 (26.9) | 6.61 (3.82–11.45) | |
| N stage by PET (n = 633), n (%) | <0.001 | |||
| 0 | 256 (54.1) | 15 (9.4) | 1.00 (ref) | |
| 1 | 101 (21.4) | 17 (10.6) | 2.87 (1.38–5.97) | |
| 2 | 72 (15.2) | 93 (58.1) | 22.04 (12.04–40.36) | |
| 3 | 44 (9.3) | 35 (21.9) | 13.58 (6.85–26.91) |
Definition of abbreviations: ASA = American Society of Anesthesiologists; CI = confidence interval; CT = computed tomography; ECOG = Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group; EBUS-TBNA = endobronchial ultrasound–guided transbronchial needle aspiration; OR = odds ratio; PET = positron emission tomography; ref = reference standard.
P values reported are for *chi-square test except where otherwise noted, †two sample Student’s t test, or ‡Fisher exact test, and are not the P values for the odds ratios reported from univariate analysis.