Table 1. Comparison of the PSA levels in 23 patient serum samples determined by assays based on Lu₆O₅F₈:Eu³⁺ NPs and commercial DELFIA (mean ± standard deviation (SD), coefficient of variation (CV), n = 3).

No.	NPs-based assay		DELFIA	No.	NPs-based assay		DELFIA
	Mean ± SD (ng mL–1)	CV%	Mean ± SD (ng mL–1)		Mean ± SD (ng mL–1)	CV%	Mean ± SD (ng mL–1)
1	25.84 ± 1.12	4.3	26.03 ± 0.50	13	37.61 ± 0.83	2.2	43.88 ± 0.38
2	24.06 ± 0.22	0.9	19.60 ± 0.43	14	45.60 ± 0.98	2.1	38.69 ± 0.60
3	17.75 ± 0.39	2.2	15.36 ± 0.27	15	110.32 ± 0.63	0.6	92.76 ± 0.70
4	63.20 ± 1.77	2.8	57.86 ± 1.01	16	55.49 ± 1.31	2.4	45.56 ± 0.67
5	20.72 ± 0.94	4.5	12.78 ± 0.65	17	32.83 ± 1.85	5.6	23.86 ± 0.44
6	139.39 ± 1.89	1.4	123.32 ± 0.79	18	24.86 ± 1.21	4.9	17.74 ± 0.16
7	63.64 ± 0.68	1.1	67.65 ± 0.62	19	15.92 ± 1.35	8.5	14.66 ± 0.31
8	28.58 ± 0.54	1.9	26.93 ± 0.61	20	19.20 ± 0.53	2.8	24.12 ± 0.29
9	78.67 ± 1.16	1.5	92.09 ± 0.96	21	26.22 ± 0.06	0.2	27.74 ± 0.35
10	18.64 ± 1.48	7.9	25.26 ± 0.25	22	33.42 ± 0.08	0.2	25.15 ± 0.56
11	14.82 ± 0.40	2.7	22.44 ± 0.48	23	24.50 ± 1.21	4.9	23.40 ± 0.32
12	48.73 ± 0.54	1.1	48.20 ± 0.82