Table 2.

Prevalence of clinical manifestations in patients with lupus nephritis

Clinical Manifestation	Approximate Prevalence, %
Proteinuria	100
Nephrotic range proteinuria/nephrotic syndrome	50
Microscopic hematuria	80
Macroscopic hematuria	<5
Urinary red blood cell casts	30
Other urinary cellular casts	30
Renal insufficiency	60
Rapid decline in kidney function	15
Hypertension	30
Tubular abnormalities	70