Table 9.

Effect of Cynara scolymus leaves extracts on liver-kidney dysfunction of experimental groups of rats

Groups of treatment	Cont	Diab	Diab + Ethanol extract of leaves C. scolymus (200 mg /kg)	Diab + Ethanol extract of leaves C. scolymus (400 mg/kg)	Diab + Acarbose (12 mg/kg)
AST (UI/L)	106.6 ± 1.19	158.25 ± 7.67***	90.25 ± 2.82###	95.14 ± 2.47###	101.66 ± 3.17###
ALT (UI/L)	35.33 ± 5.68	60.25 ± 8.18***	31.00 ± 4.64###£	35.16 ± 8.42###	37.75 ± 5.73###
ALP (UI/L)	150.5 ± 1.57	200.8 ± 2.5***	180.00 ± 2.64###	186.25 ± 1.81###	175.14 ± 1.64###
Albumin (g/l)	35.40 ± 1.50	40 ± 0.78***	30.57 ± 1.17#	32.4 ± 0.46###	30.2 ± 0.50###
Urea (mmol/L)	4.76 ± 0.57	7.64 ± 0.89**	6.41 ± 0.93###	4.76 ± 0.57###£££	6.98 ± 1.26ns
Creatinine (umol/L)	14.64 ± 3.54	26.84 ± 3.77***	17.50 ± 3.39###£	19.66 ± 1.00##	19.51 ± 5.25###

Diabetic rats were orally administered with ethanol extract from leaves of C. scolymus and acarbose at the doses mentioned earlier for 28 days. Values are given as means ± SD (n = 8). ^** p ≤ 0.01, ^*** p ≤ 0.001 were considered significant compared to control group; ^# p ≤ 0.05, ^### p ≤ 0.001 were considered significant compared to diabetic rat.; ^£ p ≤ 0.05, ^£££ p ≤ 0.001 compared to diabetic rats treated with acarbose. ^ns: non-significant changes between diabetic treated groups vs. the control group after 28 days treatment