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. 2017 Jun 19;17:583. doi: 10.1186/s12889-017-4497-z

Table 1.

Number of studies identifying positive health impacts by study design type

Study design Number of Studies Included Number of studies that found a positive health impact Number of studies that found no, or negative, health impacts
Modeling 17 16 3
Experimental 0 0 0
Evaluation 8 4 4
Mixed methoda 1 1 1
Total 26 21 9

aBoth modeling and evaluation