Table 3.
Mean health and income-related health inequality by disease type and by wave
| Panel A: Using household per capita income | ||||||||||||||||
| Wave 1 | Wave 2 | Wave 3 | Wave 4 | |||||||||||||
| Variables | Obs | Mean | CCI | SE | Obs | Mean | CCI | SE | Obs | Mean | CCI | SE | Obs | Mean | CCI | SE |
| Diagnosed of tuberculosis | 15,552 | 0.036 | −0.028*** | (0.003) | 17,551 | 0.031 | −0.020*** | (0.003) | 18,673 | 0.047 | −0.028*** | (0.004) | 21,937 | 0.035 | −0.025*** | (0.003) |
| Have high blood pressure | 15,562 | 0.135 | 0.023*** | (0.006) | 17,522 | 0.113 | 0.038*** | (0.006) | 18,666 | 0.161 | 0.043*** | (0.006) | 20,358 | 0.106 | 0.023*** | (0.005) |
| Diagnosed of diabetes | 15,527 | 0.035 | 0.024*** | (0.003) | 17,536 | 0.035 | 0.021*** | (0.003) | 18,638 | 0.046 | 0.028*** | (0.004) | 22,034 | 0.036 | 0.034*** | (0.003) |
| Diagnosed of stroke | 15,527 | 0.009 | −0.004** | (0.002) | 17,564 | 0.007 | 0.002 | (0.001) | 18,682 | 0.008 | −0.004** | (0.002) | 22,575 | 0.009 | −0.002 | (0.001) |
| Diagnosed of heart diseases | 15,514 | 0.030 | −0.013*** | (0.003) | 17,536 | 0.018 | −0.012*** | (0.002) | 18,673 | 0.026 | −0.014*** | (0.003) | 22,356 | 0.018 | −0.002 | (0.002) |
| Diagnosed of cancer | 15,505 | 0.007 | 0.013*** | (0.002) | 17,552 | 0.007 | 0.010*** | (0.001) | 18,686 | 0.006 | 0.005*** | (0.001) | 22,648 | 0.013 | 0.014*** | (0.002) |
| Have persistent cough | 15,535 | 0.110 | −0.009 | (0.006) | 16,848 | 0.112 | −0.023*** | (0.006) | 18,695 | 0.159 | −0.016** | (0.006) | 22,737 | 0.127 | −0.025*** | (0.005) |
| Experienced depression | 15,536 | 0.459 | −0.184*** | (0.009) | 16,720 | 0.381 | −0.086*** | (0.007) | 18,630 | 0.414 | −0.161*** | (0.008) | 22,742 | 0.447 | −0.083*** | (0.008) |
| Experienced chest pain | 15,525 | 0.099 | −0.047*** | (0.006) | 16,847 | 0.070 | −0.018*** | (0.005) | 18,696 | 0.086 | −0.031*** | (0.005) | 22,735 | 0.093 | −0.030*** | (0.004) |
| Self-reported poor health | 15,535 | 0.177 | −0.074*** | (0.007) | 17,600 | 0.101 | −0.026*** | (0.005) | 18,698 | 0.110 | −0.023*** | (0.005) | 22,744 | 0.108 | −0.018*** | (0.004) |
| Health index | 15,296 | −0.125 | −0.019*** | (0.003) | 16,342 | −0.050 | −0.001 | (0.002) | 18,415 | −0.089 | −0.007*** | (0.002) | 19,220 | 0.034 | −0.003** | (0.001) |
| Panel B: Using household per capita income by adult equivalent | ||||||||||||||||
| Wave 1 | Wave 2 | Wave 3 | Wave 4 | |||||||||||||
| Variables | Obs | Mean | CCI | SE | Obs | Mean | CCI | SE | Obs | Mean | CCI | SE | Obs | Mean | CCI | SE |
| Diagnosed of tuberculosis | 15,552 | 0.036 | −0.032*** | (0.003) | 17,551 | 0.031 | −0.023*** | (0.003) | 18,673 | 0.047 | −0.031*** | (0.004) | 21,937 | 0.035 | −0.034*** | (0.003) |
| Have high blood pressure | 15,562 | 0.135 | 0.025*** | (0.006) | 17,522 | 0.113 | 0.038*** | (0.006) | 18,666 | 0.161 | 0.038*** | (0.006) | 20,358 | 0.106 | 0.022*** | (0.005) |
| Diagnosed of diabetes | 15,527 | 0.035 | 0.025*** | (0.003) | 17,536 | 0.035 | 0.021*** | (0.003) | 18,638 | 0.046 | 0.027*** | (0.004) | 22,034 | 0.036 | 0.033*** | (0.003) |
| Diagnosed of stroke | 15,527 | 0.009 | −0.006*** | (0.002) | 17,564 | 0.007 | 0.001 | (0.001) | 18,682 | 0.008 | −0.005*** | (0.002) | 22,575 | 0.009 | −0.002 | (0.001) |
| Diagnosed of heart diseases | 15,514 | 0.030 | −0.011*** | (0.003) | 17,536 | 0.018 | −0.011*** | (0.002) | 18,673 | 0.026 | −0.010*** | (0.002) | 22,356 | 0.018 | −0.000 | (0.002) |
| Diagnosed of cancer | 15,505 | 0.007 | 0.013*** | (0.002) | 17,552 | 0.007 | 0.010*** | (0.001) | 18,686 | 0.006 | 0.005*** | (0.001) | 22,648 | 0.013 | 0.013*** | (0.002) |
| Have persistent cough | 15,535 | 0.110 | −0.017*** | (0.006) | 16,848 | 0.112 | −0.022*** | (0.006) | 18,695 | 0.159 | −0.026** | (0.006) | 22,737 | 0.127 | −0.029*** | (0.005) |
| Experienced depression | 15,536 | 0.459 | −0.187*** | (0.009) | 16,720 | 0.381 | −0.094*** | (0.009) | 18,630 | 0.414 | −0.167*** | (0.008) | 22,742 | 0.447 | −0.085*** | (0.008) |
| Experienced chest pain | 15,525 | 0.099 | −0.047*** | (0.006) | 16,847 | 0.070 | −0.020*** | (0.005) | 18,696 | 0.086 | −0.035*** | (0.005) | 22,735 | 0.093 | −0.040*** | (0.004) |
| Self-reported poor health | 15,535 | 0.177 | −0.079*** | (0.007) | 17,600 | 0.101 | −0.030*** | (0.005) | 18,698 | 0.110 | −0.029*** | (0.005) | 22,744 | 0.108 | −0.025*** | (0.005) |
| Health index | 15,296 | −0.125 | −0.021*** | (0.003) | 16,342 | −0.050 | −0.004 | (0.002) | 18,415 | −0.089 | −0.010*** | (0.002) | 19,220 | 0.034 | −0.004*** | (0.001) |
Notes: Results presented in this table are corrected concentration indices for income-related health inequality. The health indicators are all binary outcomes equivalent to 1 if the respondent is diagnosed of a given disease. The health index is continuous with high values representing poor health outcomes. The income variables are both continuous. Negative values of the concentration indices indicate that poor health is concentrated among individuals from low-income households. ***Statistically significant at the 1% level; statistically significant at the 5% level; *statistically significant at the 10% level. Obs is observations and SE are standard error of the CCI