Table 1.
Parameter altered by force | Protein Examples | Force Generated by | Experimental determination |
---|---|---|---|
Enzyme Activity | Titin3, FAK4 | Myosin Contraction |
Conventional Biochemistry methods: Cloning, Knock‐down, Enzymatics, etc.5
Live Cell Imaging Techniques(e.g., Single Molecule Imaging, FRET, FRAP)6, 7, 8 Atomic Force Microscopy(AFM)9, 10 Single‐molecule force spectroscopy11, 12 Traction Force Microscopy(TFM)13, 14 PDMS Micropillar Arrays15, 31 Substrate Regidity/Morphology Manupulation16 Laser Ablation17 Molecular Dynamics18 |
Expose binding sites |
Talin‐vinculin6, 10, 19
Fibronectin20 α‐catenin21, 22 FilaminA23, 24 α‐actinin‐zyxin17 |
Actin flow | |
Break bonds | Integrin Adhesions25 | Cytoskeletal contractions | |
Protein Curvature | BAR Proteins26 | Membrane tension | |
Expose Substrate sites | P130Cas14 | Actin polymerization | |
Membrane curvature | BAR Proteins27 | Membrane Tension, | |
Ion Channel | Ca2+Sensitive K+ channe(BK Channel)l16, Piezo1 and Piezo228 | Actin polymerization |