Figure 3.

Spermidine promotes autophagic flux in STS-treated PC12 cells. (a) Cells were transfected with mRFP-GFP-LC3 plasmids, followed by 0.5 or 1 h of STS treatment in the presence or absence of autophagy blocker (CQ or BafA1). In STS+Spd, STS+CQ+Spd, STS+BafA1+Spd group, cells were pretreated with Spd for 1 h, followed by 1 h of combined STS, Spd with CQ or BafA1 incubation. Scale bar, 20 μm. (b) The number of APs and ALs per cell was counted and the ratio of APs/ALs was presented. *P<0.05 versus Ctrl; ^##P<0.01 versus STS. For each group, 15 cells were utilized for analysis and data were calculated from three independent experiments. (c) Western blotting analysis of LC3-I, LC3-II, Beclin 1 and SQSTM1/p62. GAPDH was used as internal control. At least three independent experiments were conducted and representative immunoblots were presented