Table 2.
Knowledge of ABR and antibiotic use among health professionals
| Variables | Doctor (n = 51) |
Physician assistant (n = 69) |
Nurse (n = 188) |
CHO (n = 71) |
Total (N = 379) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Possibility of antibiotics to stop working in future | ||||||
| Agree | 49 (96.1) | 64 (92.8) | 148 (78.7) | 49 (69.0) | 310 (81.8) | <0.01 |
| Disagree | 2 (3.9) | 5 (7.2) | 39 (20.8) | 18 (25.4) | 64 (16.9) | |
| Don’t know | 0 (00) | 0 (00) | 1 (0.5) | 4 (5.6) | 5 (1.3) | |
| Antibiotics are effective in bacterial infection management | ||||||
| Agree | 51 (100) | 67 (97.1) | 180 (95.7) | 69 (97.2) | 367 (96.9) | 0.70 |
| Disagree | 0 (00) | 2 (2.9) | 7 (3.8) | 1 (1.4) | 10(2.6) | |
| Don’t know | 0 (00) | 0 (00) | 1 (0.5) | 1 (1.4) | 2 (0.5) | |
| Antibiotics are effective in viral infection management | ||||||
| Agree | 0 (00) | 4 (5.8) | 63 (33.5) | 22 (40.0) | 89 (23.5) | <0.01 |
| Disagree | 51 (100) | 64 (92.8) | 123 (65.4) | 47 (66.2) | 285 (75.2) | |
| Don’t Know | 0 (00) | 1 (1.4) | 2 (1.1) | 2 (2.8) | 5 (1.3) | |
| Antibiotics are effective in protozoal infection management | ||||||
| Agree | 15 (29.4) | 20 (29.0) | 96 (51.1) | 21 (29.6) | 152 (40.1) | <0.01 |
| Disagree | 35 (68.6) | 48 (69.6) | 68 (36.2) | 35 (49.3) | 186 (49.1) | |
| Don’t know | 1 (2.0) | 1 (1.4) | 24 (12.8) | 15 (21.1) | 41 (10.8) | |
| Antibiotics are effective in fungal infection management | ||||||
| Agree | 11 (21.6) | 20 (29.0) | 114 (60.6) | 48 (67.6) | 193 (51.0) | <0.01 |
| Disagree | 40 (78.4) | 49 (71.0) | 67 (35.7) | 20 (28.2) | 176 (46.4) | |
| Don’t Know | 0 (00) | 0 (00) | 7 (3.7) | 3 (4.2) | 10 (2.6) | |
| Antibiotics are effective in managing common cold | ||||||
| Agree | 5 (9.8) | 10 (14.5) | 92 (48.9) | 40 (56.3) | 147 (38.8) | < 0.01 |
| Disagree | 46 (90.2) | 57 (82.6) | 91 (48.4) | 31 (43.7) | 225 (59.4) | |
| Don’t Know | 0 (00) | 2 (2.9) | 5 (2.7) | 0 (00) | 7 (1.8) | |
| Antibiotics help patients to recover faster when added to malaria treatment | ||||||
| Agree | 2 (3.9) | 3 (4.3) | 42 (22.3) | 27 (38.0) | 74 (19.5) | < 0.01 |
| Disagree | 49 (96.1) | 66 (95.7) | 136 (72.3) | 37 (52.1) | 288 (76.0) | |
| Don’t know | 0 (00) | 0 (00) | 10 (5.3) | 7 (9.9) | 17 (4.5) | |
| Antibiotics should be prescribed before lab tests are done | ||||||
| Agree | 12 (23.5) | 5 (7.2) | 19 (10.1) | 12 (16.9) | 48 (12.7) | 0.03 |
| Disagree | 38 (74.5) | 64 (92.8) | 166 (88.3) | 56 (78.9) | 324 (85.5) | |
| Don’t know | 1 (2.0) | 0 (00) | 3 (00) | 3 (4.2) | 7 (1.8) | |
| Very expensive antibiotics can be discontinued when patient is better | ||||||
| Agree | 8 (15.7) | 10 (14.5) | 38 (20.2) | 20 (28.2) | 76 (20.1) | 0.15 |
| Disagree | 43 (84.3) | 59 (85.5) | 143 (76.1) | 49 (69.0) | 294 (69.0) | |
| Don’t Know | 0 (00) | 0 (00) | 7 (3.7) | 2 (2.8) | 9 (2.4) | |
| Antibiotics use might lead to dangerous allergies which could cause death | ||||||
| Agree | 45 (88.8) | 55 (79.7) | 121 (64.4) | 41 (57.7) | 262 (69.1) | < 0.01 |
| Disagree | 6 (11.8) | 12 (17.4) | 50 (26.6) | 23 (32.4) | 91 (24.0) | |
| Don’t Know | 0 (00) | 2 (2.9) | 17 (9.0) | 7 (9.9) | 26 (6.9) | |
| Antibiotics will always be effective in the treatment of same infections in the future | ||||||
| Agree | 1 (2.0) | 12 (17.4) | 57 (30.3) | 23 (32.4) | 93 (24.5) | <0.01 |
| Disagree | 49 (96.0) | 55 (79.7) | 125 (66.5) | 39 (54.9) | 268 (70.7) | |
| Don’t Know | 1 (2.0) | 2 (2.9) | 6 (3.2) | 9 (12.7) | 18 (4.8) | |
| ABR is due to the normal correct use of Antibiotics | ||||||
| Agree | 2 (3.9) | 2 (2.9) | 30 (16.0) | 20 (28.2) | 54 (14.2) | <0.01 |
| Disagree | 48 (94.1) | 67 (97.1) | 151 (80.3) | 45 (63.3) | 311 (82.1) | |
| Don’t Know | 1 (2.0) | 0 (00) | 7 (3.7) | 6 (8.5) | 14 (3.7) | |
| ABR is due to the use of Antibiotics when not prescribed | ||||||
| Agree | 44 (86.3) | 63 (91.3) | 153 (81.4) | 53 (74.6) | 313 (82.6) | 0.03 |
| Disagree | 7 (3.7) | 5 (7.2) | 30 (16.0) | 11 (15.6) | 53 (14.0) | |
| Don’t Know | 0 (00) | 1 (1.4) | 5 (2.7) | 7 (9.9) | 13 (3.4) | |