Table 1.

Dual roles of G6PD in maintaining ROS balance in a cell type- and tissue-specific manner.

Tissue/Cell type	Pro or Anti oxidative role	Reference
Bovine aortic endothelial cells	Anti	Leopold JA et al. (2007) Aldosterone impairs vascular reactivity by decreasing glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity. Nat. Med. 13, 189–197
β cells	Anti	Zhang Z et al. (2010) High glucose inhibits glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, leading to increased oxidative stress and β-cell apoptosis. FASEB J 24, 1497–1505
Kidney	Anti	Xu Y et al. (2010) Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase-deficient mice have increased renal oxidative stress and increased albuminuria. FASEB J 24, 609–616
Cardiomyocyte	Anti	Jain M et al. (2003) Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase modulates cytosolic redox status and contractile phenotype in adult cardiomyocytes. Circ. Res. 93, e9-l 6
Aorta	Pro	Matsui R et al. (2005) Glucose-6 phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency decreases the vascular response to angiotensin IL Circulation 112, 257–263
Liver	Pro	Gupte RS et al. (2009) Synergistic activation of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and NAD(P)H oxidase by Src kinase elevates superoxide in type 2 diabetic, Zucker fa/fa, rat liver. Free Radie Biol Med. 47, 219–228
Heart	Pro	Serpillon S et al. (2009) Superoxide production by NAD(P)H oxidase and mitochondria is increased in genetically obese and hyperglycemic rat heart and aorta before the development of cardiac dysfunction. The role of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase-derived NADPH. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 297, Hl 53–62
Adipocyte	Pro	Park J et al. (2006) Increase in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in adipocytes stimulates oxidative stress and inflammatory signals. Diabetes 55, 2939–2949
β cell	Pro	Lee JW and Choi AH et al. (2011) G6PD upregulation promotes pancreatic β-cell dysfunction. Endocrinology 152, 793–803
Macrophage	Pro	Ham M et al. (2013) Macrophage glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase stimulates proinflammatory responses with oxidative stress. Mal Cell Biol. 33, 2425–2435