Table 1.
Distribution of study participants by demographic and psychosocial factors
| Variable | Escalator, n (%) | Stable, n (%) | Univariate p value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Overall | 283 (29.1) | 690 (70.9) | |
| Age at baseline | < 0.001 | ||
| 11 | 91 (32.2) | 322 (46.7) | |
| 12 | 98 (34.6) | 214 (31.0) | |
| 13 & 14 | 94 (32.2) | 154 (22.3) | |
| Sex | < 0.001 | ||
| Female | 113 (39.9) | 391 (56.7) | |
| Male | 170 (60.1) | 299 (43.3) | |
| Birthplace | 0.123 | ||
| Mexico | 64 (22.6) | 189 (27.4) | |
| U.S.A. | 219 (77.4) | 501 (72.6) | |
| Subjective Social Status, M (SD) | 7.86 (1.64) | 8.39 (1.65) | < 0.001 |
| Language Acculturation, M (SD) | 3.59 (0.81) | 3.45 (0.86) | < 0.05 |
| Parental Education | 0.430 | ||
| Less than high school | 169 (63.3) | 428 (66.3) | |
| Completed high school | 47 (17.6) | 103 (16.0) | |
| More than high school | 51 (19.1) | 114 (17.7) | |
| Anxiety Score (1–80), M (SD) | 40.89 (9.73) | 36.63 (9.87) | < 0.001 |
| Behavioral Intentions: Do you think that you will try a cigarette soon? | < 0.001 | ||
| Definitely not | 197 (69.6) | 596 (86.4) | |
| Probably not/definitely yes | 86 (30.4) | 94 (13.6) | |
| How many of your friends smoke? | <0.001 | ||
| None | 222 (78.4) | 633 (91.7) | |
| A few/some/all | 61 (21.6) | 57 (8.3) | |
| How many of your parents' friends smoke | < 0.001 | ||
| None | 114 (40.3) | 376 (54.5) | |
| A few/some/all | 169 (59.7) | 314 (45.5) | |
| Family Influence: How many individuals in your household smoke? | |||
| None | 148 (52.3) | 442 (64.1) | |
| One | 97 (34.3) | 197 (28.5) | |
| Two to four | 38 (13.4) | 51 (7.4) | |
| Family Cohesion, M (SD) | 3.09 (0.46) | 3.22 (0.48) | < 0.001 |
| Family Conflict, M (SD) | 2.60 (0.52) | 2.70 (0.55) | < 0.01 |
| Positive Outcome Expectations, M (SD) | 1.32 (0.44) | 1.20 (0.34) | < 0.001 |
| Negative Outcome Expectations, M (SD) | 3.42 (0.54) | 3.44 (0.56) | 0.616 |
M= Mean; SD= Standard deviation