Table 2.
Summary on the expression, protein-protein interaction, functions in disease resistance and putative Arabidopsis orthologs for the ClMPK and ClMKK genes
| Genes | Expression patterns | Protein-protein interactionc | Functions in disease resistanced | Homolog in Arabidopsis | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tissuesa | Abiotic stressb | Biotic stressb | |||||||||
| Root | Stem | Leaf | Dr | Sa | He | Co | Fon | ||||
| ClMPK1 | +++ | + | ++ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ↓ | – | ClMKK2-2 | Increased | AtMPK1 |
| ClMPK3 | + | +++ | + | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | – | ↑ | Not studied | WT | AtMPK3 |
| ClMPK4-1 | + | + | + | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ↓ | ↑ | ClMKK2-1 | WT | AtMPK4 |
| ClMKK6 | |||||||||||
| ClMPK4-2 | + | + | + | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | – | ↑ | ClMKK2-2 | Increased | AtMPK4 [52] |
| ClMKK6 | |||||||||||
| ClMPK6 | + | + | + | ↑ | – | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ClMKK5 | Decreased | AtMPK6 [55, 56] |
| ClMPK7 | +++ | + | + | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ↓ | ↑ | ClMKK5 | Increased | AtMPK7 [50, 58] |
| HR-like cell death | |||||||||||
| ClMPK9-1 | +++ | + | +++ | ↑ | – | – | ↓ | ↑ | Not studied | Not studied | AtMPK9 |
| ClMPK9-2 | + | + | ++ | ↑ | ↑ | – | ↓ | ↑ | – | Not studied | AtMPK9 |
| ClMPK9-3 | + | + | ++ | – | – | ↑ | – | ↑ | Not studied | Not studied | AtMPK9 |
| ClMPK9-4 | + | + | +++ | – | – | ↑ | ↓ | – | Not studied | Not studied | AtMPK9 |
| ClMPK13 | ++ | ++ | + | ↑ | – | – | – | ↑ | ClMKK2-1 | WT | AtMPK13 |
| ClMKK6 | |||||||||||
| ClMPK16 | + | + | +++ | ↑ | ↑ | – | – | ↑ | – | Not studied | AtMPK16 |
| ClMPK19 | + | + | +++ | ↑ | ↑ | – | ↑ | ↑ | Not studied | WT | AtMPK19 |
| ClMPK20-1 | + | +++ | +++ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | – | ↑ | Not studied | Not studied | AtMPK20 |
| ClMPK20-2 | ++ | + | +++ | ↑ | – | ↑ | – | – | Not studied | Not studied | AtMPK20 |
| ClMKK2-1 | +++ | ++ | + | ↑ | – | ↑ | – | ↑ | ClMPK4-1 | WT | AtMKK2 |
| ClMPK4-2 | |||||||||||
| ClMPK13 | |||||||||||
| ClMKK2-2 | + | ++ | ++ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | – | ↑ | ClMPK1 | Decreased | AtMKK2 [45] |
| ClMKK3 | + | ++ | + | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ↓ | ↑ | Not studied | Not studied | AtMKK3 |
| ClMKK5 | + | +++ | + | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ClMPK6 | WT | AtMKK5 |
| ClMPK7 | |||||||||||
| ClMKK6 | +++ | +++ | + | ↓ | – | – | ↑ | ↑ | ClMPK4-1 | WT | AtMKK6 |
| ClMPK4-2 | |||||||||||
| ClMPK13 | |||||||||||
| ClMKK9 | ++ | ++ | ++ | – | – | – | – | ↑ | Not studied | Not studied | AtMKK9 |
a+ represents the relative expression levels
b↑represents significant upregulation; ↓indicates significant downregulation; – indicates no significant change. Dr, drought stress; Sa, salt stress; He, heat stress; Co, cold stress. Fon, Fusarium oxypsorum f. sp. niveum
cPutative interacting partners from yeast two hybrid assays are listed.–indicates no interacting partner was identified. Not studied, these ClMPKs or ClMKKs were not examined
dPossible functions of the selected ClMPKs and ClMKKs was examined using transient expression-based functional analysis in N. benthamiana. Increased, increased resistance against B. cinerea when transiently expressed in N. benthamiana; Decreased, decreased resistance against B. cinerea when transiently expressed in N. benthamiana. WT, wild-type phenotype