Fig 3. Directionally modulated cortical activity.

Model performance: activity of a population of cortical neurons (a single simulation computed based on Eq 16) that controls the 1-joint elbow flexor. For the center-out reaching movement in 8 directions (45º intervals), the activity patterns of this neuronal pool are shown by black solid curves, demonstrating the highest and lowest mean firing rates in opposite directions (180º apart). The average firing rate (solid polygon) is highest for the 270º direction.