Table 1. Characteristics of the study population.
| Category boundaries | Male | Female | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N (%) | - | 1403 (33.52) | 2782 (66.48) | - |
| Age (yr) | 40–95 | 63 ± 10 | 60 ±10 | < .0001 |
| Smoker (n, %) | - | 486 (34.69) | 61 (2.20) | < .0001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 13.10–27.99 | 23.57 ± 2.54 | 23.44 ± 2.53 | < .0001 |
| WC (cm) | 58.00–113.00 | 84.75 ± 7.75 | 80.50 ± 8.20 | < .0001 |
| WHpR | 0.67–1.33 | 0.91 ± 0.05 | 0.87 ± 0.06 | < .0001 |
| WHtR | 0.34–0.73 | 0.51 ± 0.05 | 0.52 ± 0.05 | < .0001 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 80–211 | 131 ± 19 | 128 ± 20 | < .0001 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 38.5–127.5 | 77 ± 11 | 75 ± 10 | < .0001 |
| FBG (mmol/L) | 2.49–22.25 | 4.79 (4.35–5.47) | 4.75 (4.32–5.26) | < .0001 |
| PBG(mmol/L) | 2.30–32.35 | 6.21 (4.99–8.20) | 6.01 (4.95–7.50) | 0.0003 |
| HbA1c (%) | 3.5–15.5 | 6.0 ± 1.2 | 5.8 ± 0.8 | < .0001 |
| TC (mmol/L) | 0.38–14.07 | 4.51 ± 1.08 | 4.88 ± 1.10 | < .0001 |
| LDL-C (mmol/L) | 0.71–9.76 | 3.35 ± 0.91 | 3.50 ± 0.97 | < .0001 |
| HDL-C (mmol/L) | 0.4–2.96 | 1.20 ± 0.32 | 1.39 ± 0.33 | < .0001 |
| TG (mmol/L) | 0.30–23.13 | 1.24 (0.89–1.86) | 1.19 (0.84–1.74) | 0.0012 |
| Dyslipidemia (n, %) | - | 801 (57.09) | 1252 (45.00) | < .0001 |
| Diabetes (n, %) | - | 295 (21.03) | 400 (14.38) | < .0001 |
| Hypertension (n, %) | - | 663 (47.26) | 1090 (39.19) | < .0001 |
| History of cardiovascular disease (n, %) | - | 62 (4.42) | 88 (3.16) | 0.039 |
| Having lipid-lowering therapy (n, %) | - | 143 (10.19) | 280 (10.06) | 0.91 |
| MS (n, %) | - | 416 (29.65) | 856 (30.78) | 0.45 |
Normal data were given as the mean ± SD, skewed data were given as medians (interquartile ranges) and categorical variables were given as numbers (proportions).
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; WC, waist circumference; WHpR, waist-to-hip ratio; WHtR, waist-to-height ratio; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; FBG, fasting plasma glucose; PBG, 2h post-loading plasma glucose; TC, total cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; TG, triglycerides; MS, metabolic syndrome.