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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Am Coll Nutr. 2017 Jan;36(1):44–56. doi: 10.1080/07315724.2016.1174091

Fig. 3.

Fig. 3

Vitamin D status of pregnant Ukrainian women by alcohol exposure group and by season. Number and percentages of pregnant Ukrainian subjects during the not sunny season (Winter + Spring; includes December through May) and during the sunny season (Summer + Fall; includes June through November) and all seasons combined whose plasma 25(OH)D concentrations are classified as vitamin D deficient, insufficient, and adequate based on the 2011 Endocrine Society [39] and the 2011 Institute of Medicine (IOM) [40] guidelines. Comparisons were performed using Fisher’s exact tests comparing vitamin D deficient to not deficient.