Table 4b.
Covariate a effects on Maternal Smoking and Drinking Trajectories (N=8,800), ECLS-B (Reference class: TRS-HPD)
| Concurrent Users | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|||||
| Drinking Classes | Predominantly Smokers | Non-use class | |||
|
| |||||
| NS-MPD (25.8%) | NS-EHPD (8.4%) | TRS-LPD (10.7%) | HS-DPD (8.6%) | NS-ND (40.5%) | |
|
| |||||
| AORb | AOR | AOR | AOR | AOR | |
| Maternal Age | |||||
| Age 18–25 | 0.70* | 0.13** | 1.51* | -- | -- |
| Age 36+ | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Maternal Race/Ethnicity | |||||
| Black | -- | -- | -- | 0.07** | 2.52** |
| Hispanic | 2.75** | -- | -- | 0.13** | 7.40** |
| Asian and Others | -- | 0.44* | -- | -- | 2.04** |
| Mother Married or Cohabiting with Partner | |||||
| Yes | -- | -- | 1.56* | -- | 2.17* |
| Maternal Education | |||||
| High school | -- | -- | 0.45** | 0.29** | 0.53* |
| Some college | -- | -- | 0.39** | 0.19** | -- |
| College or grad school | 2.82** | 6.15* | 0.18** | 0.05** | -- |
| Household Income (proportion of federal poverty line) | |||||
| 100–130% | -- | -- | 0.44** | -- | -- |
| 130–185% | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| >185% | -- | -- | -- | 0.28** | 0.44** |
| Moderate or Severe Postpartum Depression | |||||
| Depressed | -- | -- | -- | 1.74** | -- |
| Breastfeeding | |||||
| ≤ 6 months | -- | -- | -- | 0.63* | -- |
| > 6 months | 2.63** | 3.16** | -- | -- | 2.53** |
| Maternal Employment Status | |||||
| Part-time | -- | -- | -- | 0.50** | 0.57** |
| Full-time | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Planned pregnancy | -- | 1.93** | -- | -- | 1.46* |
*
P-value <0.05
**
P-value<0.01
a
The choice of reference category for each covariates were carefully selected based on theory, empirical distribution, as well as past literature. The reference category for Maternal Age is 26–35, for Maternal Race/Ethnicity is White, for Maternal Education is Less than high school, for Household Income is Lower than poverty line, for Breastfeeding is Never breastfeed, and for Employment Status is Not employed.
b
Adjusted Odds Ratio; AOR greater than 1 represents increasing log odds of being assigned to a given class compared to the TRS-HPD class.