Figure 2. Increased Toll-like receptor and cytokine gene expression in the spinal cord of GF mice.
(A–H) Gene expression levels of the Toll-like receptors TLR1 (A), TLR2 (B), TLR3 (C), TLR4 (D), TLR5 (E), TLR7 (F), TLR9 (G), and TLR12 (H) were significantly elevated in the spinal cord of GF versus CC mice. (I–M) When compared to controls, GF mice showed increased gene expression levels of the cytokines IL6 (I), TNFα (J), IL10 (K), IL1α (M), and IL1β (N). There was no change in the gene expression of the cytokines IFNγ (L), IL12α (O), and IL12β (P). CC, n = 9–10; GF, n = 9–10.