Figure 6. Normalization of toll-like receptor and cytokine gene expression in the spinal cord of GF mice following microbial colonization.
(A–H) Microbial colonization normalized the increased gene expression levels of the toll-like receptors TLR1 (A), TLR2 (B), TLR4 (D), TLR5 (E), TLR7 (F), and TLR12 (H) observed in the spinal cord of GF mice. No changes were observed in the expression levels of TLR3 (C) and TLR9 (G) between GFC and GF mice. (I–M) Microbial colonization reversed the elevated gene expression of the cytokines IL6 (I), TNFα (J), and IL10 (K) in the spinal cord of GF mice. No changes were observed in the expression levels of IL1α (L) and IL1β (M) between GFC and GF mice. (N) No group changes were observed in the expression levels of TRPV1. CC, n = 16–20; GF, n = 15–20; GFC, n = 7–10.