Table 1.
Honey and diabetes mellitus.
| Authors and year of study | Type of study | Study outcome |
|---|---|---|
| Abdulrhman et al. (2013) | Randomized crossover clinical trial | Significant decreases in “fasting blood glucose“, “triglycerides”, “total cholesterol” “low-density lipoprotein” noteworthy rises in “fasting C-peptide” and “2-h postprandial C-peptide” |
| Khedekar et al. (2016) | Cross sectional Study | Traditional medicine Shadguna Balijarita Makaradhwaja (SBM) and honey with T-cordifolia markedly decreases the blood glucose and demonstrates anti-diabetic impact |
| Erejuwa et al. (2016) | Cross sectional study | Honey significantly reduce “hyperglycemia”, “triglycerides (TGs)”, “very low density lipoprotein (VLDL)”, “non-HDL cholesterol”, “coronary risk index” (CRI) and “cardiovascular risk index” (CVRI)” |
| Erejuwa et al., 2010 | Cross sectional study | Honey has hypoglycemic impact in “streptozotocin” induced diabetic rats |
| Erejuwa et al. (2011) | Cross sectional study | Honey significantly increased insulin, decreased hyperglycemia. Addition of “glibenclamide” or “metformin” with honey increases the glycemic control and provides supplementary metabolic benefits. |
| Fasanmade and Alabi (2008) | Cross sectional study | Honey significantly decreased blood glucose in rats. Honey reduced hyperglycemia persuaded by long-term ingestion of fructose. However, honey not decreased blood glucose in controlled rats. Use of honey in diabetes may be due to abundant antioxidants in honey |
| Shambaugh et al. (1990) | Cross sectional study | Fructose showed minor alterations in blood sugar, sucrose showed higher blood sugar values than honey, producing significantly greater glucose intolerance |
| Prasetyo and Safitri (2016) | Cross sectional study | Honey could have possible honey-induced pancreatic beta cell regeneration |
| Abdulrhman et al. (2013) | Case control cross sectional study | Honey had low “glycemic index” and “peak incremental index” and honey increases “C-peptide” compared to glucose or sucrose |
| Abdulrhman (2016) | Cohort prospective study, Non- randomized, open clinical trial | Honey ingestion caused more hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetic patients but no diabetic ketoacidosis or hyperglycemic hyperosmolar condition. Long duration use of honey resulted in decreased weight and control of the blood pressure |
| Whitfield et al. (2016) | open-label, randomised controlled trial | Combination of chromium, cinnamon and magnesium with honey was not linked with progress in glycaemic control in type 2 diabetics. Ingestion of honey was allied with decreased in weight and improvement in lipid parameters |
| Behroozi et al. (2014) | cross-over design | Honey bee venom (HBV) has significant anti-glycation impact and avoid glycation-induced change in the structure and function of hemoglobin, HBV can be established as a medication against glycation-associated complications in diabetes |
| Nazir et al. (2014) | The experimental study | Honey swiftly decreases the plasma glucose levels compared to glucose |
| Abdulrhman et al. (2011) | case-control cross-sectional study | Honey as compared to sucrose had low “glycemic index (GI) and peak incremental index (PII)”. Honey resulted higher “C-peptide” level, as compared with glucose or sucrose |