Table 1.
Characteristics of Individuals Across Tertiles of Energy-Adjusted Dietary Costs in the Fenland Study (n=9,724)
| Variable |
Dietary costs |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| T1 (n=3,241) | T2 (n=3,242) | T3 (n=3,241) | Overall (n=9,724) | |
| Age, years, M (SD) | 47.3 (7.3) | 48.0 (7.2) | 49.2 (7.2) | 48.2 (7.3) |
| Sex (% male) | 58.1 | 46.6 | 39.5 | 48.1 |
| Dietary costs, £a/day, M (SD) | 3.40 (0.91) | 4.02 (0.85) | 5.22 (1.19) | 4.21 (1.25) |
| Household income, <£20,000a/year, % | 14.1 | 10.9 | 10.3 | 11.7 |
| Educational attainment, ≤11 years of education, % | 23.0 | 19.1 | 19.7 | 20.6 |
| Smoking, current smoker, % | 13.2 | 10.4 | 11.6 | 11.7 |
| Car ownership, % | 92.0 | 94.6 | 95.3 | 94.0 |
| Fruit intake, g/day, M (SD) | 175.3 (135.2) | 233.3 (156.0) | 303.6 (259.7) | 246.4 (202.0) |
| Vegetable intake, g/day, M (SD) | 206.3 (93.3) | 273.0 (107.2) | 365.3 (177.3) | 280.0 (145.1) |
| Energy intake, kcal/day, M (SD) | 1,971 (597) | 1,859 (529) | 1,952 (537) | 1,927 (557) |
| DASH score,b M (SD) | 22.7 (4.5) | 24.0 (4.5) | 25.3 (4.5) | 24.0 (4.7) |
| Achieving DASH accordance,c % | 10.0 | 17.4 | 24.5 | 17.3 |
| Geographic access supermarket,d km, M (SD) | 3.8 (3.6) | 3.8 (3.7) | 3.8 (3.6) | 3.8 (3.6) |
| Economic access supermarket,e km, M (SD) | 10.8 (8.9) | 5.1 (3.9) | 3.8 (3.6) | 6.6 (6.7) |
a
In 2012, GBP£1=USD$1.61.
b
DASH scores range from 8 to 40.
c
DASH score of >28 (fifth quintile); T1=tertile 1 (lowest dietary costs) and T3=tertile 3 (highest dietary costs).
d
Defined as street network distance to the nearest supermarket of any type.
e
Defined as street network distance to the nearest economically-matched supermarket, based on supermarket price and dietary costs.
DASH, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension; T, tertile.