Table 1.
Characteristics of study participants at the baseline cognitive exam (Visit 2) by age group (mid-life = 35–60 years and late-life = 60+ years).
| Characteristic | Total (N=1108) |
Mid-life (N=653) |
Late-life (N=455) |
P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 57.9 (9.0) | 52.1 (6.1) | 66.3 (4.7) | <0.001 |
| Female, n (%) | 888 (71%) | 470 (72%) | 318 (70%) | 0.45 |
| Education level, n (%) | <0.001 | |||
| No high school | 358 (37%) | 137 (25%) | 221 (53%) | |
| High school | 305 (31%) | 213 (38%) | 92 (22%) | |
| Some college | 28 (3%) | 17 (3%) | 11 (3%) | |
| College degree + | 280 (29%) | 187 (34%) | 93 (22%) | |
| Waist circumference, cm, median (IQR) | 101.9 (17.8) | 101.2 (18.2) | 103.0 (16.9) | 0.05 |
| Change in waist circumference | 0.02 | |||
| Lost ≥5% | 213 (19%) | 114 (17%) | 99 (22%) | |
| Stable Gained ≥5% | 546 (49%) | 319 (49%) | 227 (50%) | |
| 349 (32%) | 220 (34%) | 129 (28%) | ||
| Body mass index, kg/m2, median (IQR) | 30.6 (7.7) | 30.8 (8.0) | 30.0 (7.5) | 0.04 |
| Change in BMI | <0.001 | |||
| Lost ≥5% | 127 (11%) | 65 (10%) | 62 (14%) | |
| Stable | 688 (62%) | 379 (58%) | 309 (68%) | |
| Gained ≥5% | 293 (26%) | 209 (32%) | 84 (18%) | |
| Weight, kg | 88.8 (17.6) | 90.5 (18.2) | 86.5 (16.4) | <0.001 |
| Weight change/year, kg | 0.2 (1.0) | 0.3 (1.0) | 0.0 (1.1) | <0.001 |
| Ever smoked, n (%) | 436 (39.8%) | 265 (41.2%) | 171 (37.8%) | 0.27 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 134 (22) | 131 (20) | 138 (23) | <0.001 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 808 (73%) | 425 (68%) | 363 (80%) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 297 (27%) | 176 (27%) | 121 (27%) | 0.89 |
| Stroke, n (%) | 54 (5%) | 28 (4%) | 26 (6%) | 0.28 |
| Time between adiposity measures, years | 5.1 (1.3) | 5.6 (1.1) | 4.4 (1.2) | <0.001 |
| Time between cognitive tests, years | 6.2 (1.2) | 6.4 (0.9) | 5.9 (1.5) | <0.001 |
| MMSE score | 27.0 (2.5) | 27.5 (2.1) | 26.2 (2.9) | <0.001 |
Data are means (standard deviation) unless otherwise stated.
MMSE: Mini Mental State Examination