Table 3.
The association between occupational knowledge and practice among farmers (n=103)
| Questions | Frequency (%) of farmers who answer "Yes" | χ2 | P value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Never | Sometimes | Always | ||||
| Presented in frequency and percentage; *P<0.05; **P<0.01 | ||||||
| Section 1: practice before pesticide spraying | ||||||
| 1 | Buy pesticides having right labels, warning signs, chemical and manufacturing names | 1 (1) | 15 (15.5) | 81 (83.5) | 36.6 | <0.001** |
| 2 | Survey types and amounts of pests before buying pesticides | 2 (2.1) | 16 (16.7) | 78 (81.3) | 13.4 | 0.001** |
| 3 | Study suitable types and formulation of pesticides | 2 (2.1) | 13 (13.3) | 83 (84.7) | 18.96 | <0.001** |
| 4 | Use pesticides with suggestion of agriculture officers | 2 (2.3) | 13 (15.1) | 71 (82.6) | 23.68 | <0.001** |
| 5 | Read suggestion of pesticide label before using | 1 (1) | 21 (21.4) | 76 (77.6) | 26.08 | <0.001** |
| 6 | Mixing pesticides with specified formulation in label | 2 (2.1) | 17 (18.1) | 75 (79.8) | 17.33 | <0.001** |
| 7 | Check spraying equipment | 3 (3) | 6 (6.1) | 90 (90.9) | 5.13 | 0.077 |
| 8 | Mixing pesticide in outdoor | 2 (2) | 10 (10.1) | 87 (87.9) | 5.97 | 0.050 |
| 9 | Stand upwind during mixing pesticides | 4 (4.1) | 20 (20.6) | 73 (75.3) | 10.07 | 0.007** |
| 10 | Do not use mouth for opening pesticide containers | 14 (14) | 4 (4) | 82 (82) | 6.18 | 0.046* |
| 11 | Do not use hands for mixing pesticides | 8 (10.8) | 6 (8.1) | 60 (81.1) | 49.97 | <0.001** |
| Section 2: practice during pesticide spraying | ||||||
| 12 | Wear gloves | 4 (4.5) | 6 (6.7) | 79 (88.8) | 42.04 | <0.001** |
| 13 | Wear boots | 2 (2) | 2 (2) | 95 (96) | 14.8 | 0.001** |
| 14 | Wear long-sleeved shirt | 2 (2) | 1 (1) | 97 (97) | 16.02 | <0.001** |
| 15 | Wear glasses or goggles | 5 (7.6) | 3 (4.5) | 58 (87.9) | 51.02 | <0.001** |
| 16 | Wear long pants | 2 (2) | 1 (1) | 97 (97) | 16.02 | <0.001** |
| 17 | Wear hat | 2 (2) | 1 (1) | 96 (97) | 23.72 | <0.001** |
| 18 | Wear mask | 4 (4.2) | 7 (7.4) | 84 (88.4) | 22.43 | <0.001** |
| 19 | Stand upwind | 2 (2.1) | 12 (12.4) | 83 (85.6) | 6.82 | 0.033* |
| 20 | Do not spray during windy | 14 (16.1) | 4 (4.6) | 69 (79.3) | 4.24 | <0.001** |
| 21 | Do not eat, drink or smoke | 3 (4.7) | 23 (35.9) | 38 (59.4) | 31.69 | <0.001** |
| 22 | Do not use mouth for blowing or sucking nozzle | 15 (14.7) | 3 (2.9) | 84 (82.4) | 24.99 | <0.001** |
| 23 | Do not take a Break while wearing dirty work clothes | 5 (7.6) | 13 (19.7) | 48 (72.7) | 43.47 | <0.001** |
| 24 | Do not rub eyes or scratch skin | 9 (11) | 8 (9.8) | 65 (79.3) | 47.01 | <0.001** |
| Section 3: practice after pesticide spraying | ||||||
| 25 | Wash body and hair immediately | 4 (4.1) | 6 (6.1) | 88 (89.8) | 10.86 | 0.004** |
| 26 | Wash dirty work clothes separately from family laundry | 1 (1) | 5 (5.1) | 92 (93.9) | 44.38 | <0.001** |
| 27 | Wear new clothes | 1 (1) | 0 (0) | 98 (99) | 11.62 | 0.001** |
| 28 | Wash spraying equipment before keeping | 1 (1.2) | 4 (4.7) | 80 (94.1) | 84.08 | <0.001** |
| 29 | Keep pesticides away from children and pets | 2 (2) | 1 (1) | 96 (97) | 23.72 | <0.001** |
| 30 | Remove and dispose the used pesticide containers | 5 (5.3) | 22 (23.2) | 68 (71.6) | 19.27 | <0.001** |
| 31 | Do not wash spraying equipment in river or canal | 11 (11.7) | 8 (8.5) | 75 (79.8) | 20.4 | <0.001** |