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. 2017 Jun 20;7:3909. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-04018-8

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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TLR4 orchestrates TGF-β/Smads signaling to promote pathogen-associated biliary fibrosis caused by Clonorchis sinensis. Livers from TLR4 wild and mutated mice infected with or without C. sinensis were harvested, and the sections of tissue containing bile ducts were homogenated for western-blot. (A–D): the relative expression of TGF-β1 (B), p-Smad2/3 (C) and BAMBI (D) were analyzed in the liver of TLR4^wild/TLR4^mut mice infected with or without C. sinensis-infected by Western blotting. The blots of each group were run under the same experimental conditions and the images were from the same gel. The data were obtained from 3~5 mice of three-independent experiment. The values were expressed as mean ± SEM. Compared with indicated group, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001.