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. 2017 Jun 20;8:24. doi: 10.1038/s41467-017-00040-6

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 4 — Gut–brain axis mediates the mobilization of hemocytes and their attraction to the transgenic brain in promoting neurodegeneration. a Time-lapse analysis of plasmatocyte migration after enteric infection. Representative examples of the migration trajectories of plasmatocytes (n = 6 in each group). b, c Coimmunostaining of phospho-FAK and NimC1 in plasmatocytes recruited transgenic brains b or in circulation c. Phospho-FAK, red; plasmatocytes, green (n = 15 in each group). d DCF-DA (upper panel) and NimC1 (middle panel) staining and histology (bottom panel) in the transgenic brains with or without overexpressing Jafrac1. e DCF-DA staining in transgenic brains with or without hemocyte deficient background. elav > Aβ42 transgenic or control (elav alone) flies with or without Ecc15 intestinal infection were analyzed at 10 dpi. DCF-DA signal, ROS stress; NimC1 signal, plasmatocyte. Brain histology, n = 10 each group. Quantitative data are presented as the mean±SD of three independent experiments. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001; NS, not significant, H&E, haematoxylin and eosin. Scale bars, 50 μm b, d and e; 5 μm c