Figure 1.

JEV infection promotes PAK4 phosphorylation in U251. (A) U251 cells were mock-infected or infected with JEV P3 strain at an MOI of 1, 2, or 5. At 36 h after virus infection, JEV NS5 was detected by immunofluorescence assay. The nuclei were stained with DAPI. After the staining, cells were observed using a fluorescence microscope (Zeiss) at 20 × magnification. (B) U251 cells were mock-infected or infected with JEV P3 strain at MOI of 5. Cells were harvested at 6 and 12 h post infection and the expression and phosphorylation of PAK4 were detected by using Western-blot. (C) Mice were infected with JEV or mock infected with PBS, and brain samples were collected after 6 days for analysis of phosphor-PAK4 and PAK4 expression using Western-blot. Protein and phosphorylation levels of PAK4 were quantified with immunoblot scanning and normalized to the amount of GAPDH. ^*p < 0.05, ^**p < 0.01, ns: no significance, compared with mock-infected cells (n = 3).