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. 2017 Jun 21;8:1087. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01087

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Copyright © 2017 Zhang, Lilley, Imren, Knox and Urwin.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Immuno-fluorescence imaging of syncytia induced by the cereal cyst nematodes (CCNs) Heterodera avenae and Heterodera filipjevi within wheat roots (cv. Cadenza, 21 dpi and 28 dpi respectively). (A,K) Bright field images of Toluidine Blue O stained sections. The extent of the syncytium is indicated with a red line. Indirect immunofluorescence (green) resulting from the binding of specific mAbs is shown for corresponding serial sections: (B,L) LM10 to heteroxylan; (C,M) LM11 to heteroxylan; (D,N) LM12 to feruloylated heteroxylan; (E,O) MLG to mixed linkage glucan (MLG); (F,P) LM15 to xyloglucan (XyG); (G,Q) LM25 to xyloglucan (XyG); (H,R) LM20 to methyl-esterified homogalacturonan (HG); (I,S) LM5 to pectic galactan; (J,T) LM6 to arabinan. Scale bar = 50 μm.