Figure 3.

Identification of quinoa-distinct proteins that are unique to, or overrepresented in, quinoa (and beet) and prediction of transmembrane domains of quinoa proteins. (A) Gene family clusters were previously identified in the four sequenced Amaranthaceae species by OrthoMCL analysis (Jarvis et al., 2017). The ratio of genes from each species within these gene family clusters was plotted in three dimensions, with the 2-way ratios indicated on the axes. Clusters that contain an overrepresentation of quinoa (and beet) genes are highlighted in green and were used for subsequent analyses. (B) The number of transmembrane domains was predicted in the putative protein sequences of all annotated quinoa genes. Proteins with more than one predicted TMD, highlighted in green, were used in subsequent analyses. Predictions were performed using TMHMM Server v.2.0.