FIG 1.

V. parahaemolyticus clinical, non-AHPND, and AHPND strains contain a conserved T3SS1. (A) Comparison of T3SS1 clusters from clinical, non-AHPND, and AHPND strains of V. parahaemolyticus. All V. parahaemolyticus strains analyzed in this study contain a highly conserved T3SS1 that is further categorized into two subtypes, T3SS1a and T3SS1b. T3SS1a contains vp1676 to vp1679 (blue), and T3SS1b contains three newly identified genes (green). JP, Japan; VT, Vietnam; TH, Thailand; MX, Mexico; CN, China. (B) HeLa cells were infected with the indicated V. parahaemolyticus strains for 4 h at an MOI of 10. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release was evaluated as the measure of cytotoxicity against host cells. Data are means ± standard deviations (SD); n = 3. Data are representative of three independent experiments.