Table 2. Association of Total and Subsegmental Brain Region Size With Telomere Length and Age Among 1960 Patientsa.
Subsegmental Brain Region | Telomere Length | Age | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
β Level (SE) | P Value | Partial R2, % | β Level (SE) | P Value | Partial R2, % | |
Frontal lobe | ||||||
Pars opercularis | 0.07 (0.02) | <.001 | 0.70 | −0.29 (0.02) | <.001 | 12.28 |
Medial orbitofrontal | 0.07 (0.02) | <.001 | 0.69 | −0.22 (0.02) | <.001 | 7.23 |
Lateral orbitofrontal | 0.07 (0.02) | <.001 | 0.96 | −0.21 (0.01) | <.001 | 9.06 |
Paracentral lobule | 0.06 (0.02) | .005 | 0.48 | −0.23 (0.02) | <.001 | 7.39 |
Pars orbitalis | 0.05 (0.02) | .01 | 0.37 | −0.23 (0.02) | <.001 | 7.30 |
Precentral | 0.05 (0.02) | .01 | 0.41 | −0.24 (0.02) | <.001 | 10.34 |
Superior frontal | 0.04 (0.02) | .03 | 0.29 | −0.31 (0.01) | <.001 | 18.03 |
Rostral middle frontal | 0.03 (0.02) | .05 | NA | −0.29 (0.02) | <.001 | 14.94 |
Frontal pole | 0.03 (0.02) | .27 | NA | −0.22 (0.02) | <.001 | 5.29 |
Caudal middle frontal | 0.02 (0.02) | .31 | NA | −0.20 (0.02) | <.001 | 6.03 |
Pars triangularis | 0.01 (0.02) | .67 | NA | −0.36 (0.02) | <.001 | 16.15 |
Parietal lobe | ||||||
Precuneus | 0.09 (0.02) | <.001 | 1.62 | −0.24 (0.02) | <.001 | 11.31 |
Inferior parietal | 0.08 (0.02) | <.001 | 1.01 | −0.26 (0.02) | <.001 | 11.54 |
Posterior central | 0.07 (0.02) | <.001 | 0.92 | −0.21 (0.02) | <.001 | 7.73 |
Superior parietal | 0.06 (0.02) | .002 | 0.60 | −0.22 (0.02) | <.001 | 7.48 |
Supramarginal | 0.03 (0.02) | .07 | NA | −0.29 (0.02) | <.001 | 13.45 |
Temporal lobe | ||||||
Hippocampus | 0.08 (0.02) | <.001 | 0.91 | −0.16 (0.02) | <.001 | 3.80 |
Amygdala | 0.08 (0.02) | <.001 | 0.78 | −0.19 (0.02) | <.001 | 4.63 |
Inferior temporal | 0.07 (0.02) | <.001 | 0.92 | −0.14 (0.02) | <.001 | 3.98 |
Fusiform | 0.06 (0.02) | <.001 | 0.69 | −0.21 (0.02) | <.001 | 7.85 |
Superior temporal | 0.05 (0.02) | .005 | 0.49 | −0.34 (0.02) | <.001 | 19.36 |
Transverse temporal | 0.05 (0.02) | .01 | 0.38 | −0.31 (0.02) | <.001 | 13.25 |
Middle temporal | 0.04 (0.02) | .01 | 0.40 | −0.24 (0.01) | <.001 | 12.58 |
Bank superior temporal sulcusb | 0.04 (0.02) | .07 | NA | −0.26 (0.02) | <.001 | 9.79 |
Entorhinal cortex | 0.03 (0.02) | .11 | NA | 0.03 (0.02) | .07 | NA |
Parahippocampal gyrus | 0.02 (0.02) | .32 | NA | −0.14 (0.02) | <.001 | 2.47 |
Temporal pole | 0.02 (0.02) | .36 | NA | −0.08 (0.02) | <.001 | 0.78 |
Occipital lobe | ||||||
Lateral occipital | 0.05 (0.02) | .01 | 0.36 | −0.13 (0.02) | <.001 | 3.27 |
Cuneus cortex | 0.01 (0.02) | .62 | NA | −0.18 (0.02) | <.001 | 4.98 |
Pericalcarine | 0.01 (0.02) | .62 | NA | −0.17 (0.02) | <.001 | 3.95 |
Lingual | 0.01 (0.02) | .62 | NA | −0.13 (0.02) | <.001 | 2.79 |
Insula | 0.05 (0.02) | .003 | 0.56 | −0.25 (0.02) | <.001 | 12.09 |
Cingulate gyrus | ||||||
Posterior cingulate | 0.07 (0.02) | <.001 | 0.92 | −0.27 (0.02) | <.001 | 12.15 |
Rostral anterior | 0.06 (0.02) | .004 | 0.51 | −0.19 (0.02) | <.001 | 5.94 |
Caudal anterior | 0.05 (0.02) | .02 | 0.31 | −0.12 (0.02) | <.001 | 1.98 |
Isthmus of cingulate | 0.04 (0.02) | .02 | 0.30 | −0.21 (0.02) | <.001 | 7.16 |
Deep nuclei | ||||||
Thalamus | 0.08 (0.02) | <.001 | 1.26 | −0.31 (0.01) | <.001 | 18.54 |
Ventral diencephalon | 0.06 (0.02) | <.001 | 0.68 | −0.21 (0.02) | <.001 | 8.83 |
Caudate | 0.04 (0.02) | .05 | 0.24 | −0.12 (0.02) | <.001 | 2.12 |
Nucleus accumbens | 0.04 (0.02) | .09 | NA | −0.27 (0.02) | <.001 | 8.87 |
Putamen | 0.03 (0.02) | .15 | NA | −0.34 (0.02) | <.001 | 17.01 |
Pallidum | 0.02 (0.02) | .22 | NA | −0.32 (0.02) | <.001 | 14.94 |
Cerebellum | ||||||
White matter | 0.06 (0.02) | .01 | 0.36 | −0.03 (0.02) | .14 | NA |
Cortex | 0.03 (0.02) | .17 | NA | −0.21 (0.02) | <.001 | 6.86 |
Cerebral | ||||||
White matter | 0.04 (0.01) | .002 | 0.59 | −0.15 (0.01) | <.001 | 8.09 |
Cortex | 0.07 (0.02) | <.001 | 1.16 | −0.30 (0.01) | <.001 | 17.26 |
Inferior lateral ventricle | –0.06 (0.02) | .01 | 0.38 | 0.24 (0.02) | <.001 | 6.99 |
Lateral ventricle | –0.03 (0.02) | .17 | NA | 0.37 (0.02) | <.001 | 17.07 |
Total cerebral volumec | 0.06 (0.01) | <.001 | 1.38 | –0.24 (0.01) | <.001 | 20.20 |
Abbreviation: NA, not applicable.
Covariates in the multivariable model include age, sex, race/ethnicity, telomere length, and total cranial volume. The effect size of telomere length (β level) is reported as the mean difference in each regional brain size associated with a 1-SD unit difference in telomere length. The β coefficients for age correspond to the mean differences in each regional brain size per 10 years of age. P values for telomere length and age have been corrected for multiple comparisons.
FreeSurfer (http://surfer.nmr.mgh.harvard.edu/) term for the banks of the superior temporal sulcus.
Total cerebral volume includes all subregional brain volumes, excluding the ventricles and cerebellum. The P values for the association of telomere length and age with total cerebral volume were not adjusted for multiple comparisons.