Table 1.
Demographics and clinical characteristics
| n=194 | |
|---|---|
| Age, years | 65.0 ± 12.2 (26-84) |
| Gender, M/F | 81/113 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 24.9 ± 3.1 (16.0-34.9) |
| Pain duration, months | 31.9 ± 47.3 (3 months-20 years) |
| Pain score, 0 to 10 NRS | 6.6 ± 2.2 (1-10) |
| Type of prior surgery, n | |
| Fusion | 77 (39.6%) |
| Laminectomy | 89 (45.8%) |
| Discectomy | 39 (20.1%) |
| Other | 25 (12.8%) |
| Diagnosis, n | |
| Recurrent disc herniation* | 42 (21.6%) |
| Canal/foraminal stenosis* | 68 (35.0%) |
| Epidural fibrosis/adhesions* | 16 (8.2%) |
| Spinal instability/pseudarthrosis | 21 (10.8%) |
| Facet/sacroiliac joint pain | 47 (24.2%) |
| Myofascial pain | 28 (14.4%) |
| Surgical complications | 3 (1.5%) |
| Other | 12 (6.1%) |
Values are expressed as the mean ± SD (range) or number of patients (%). NRS=numeric rating scale. *Diagnosed via MRI