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. 2017 Jun 15;11:1753–1766. doi: 10.2147/DDDT.S132488

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© 2017 Ke et al. This work is published and licensed by Dove Medical Press Limited

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The proposed signaling pathway activated by CTS in CCA cells.

Notes: The potential mechanism of apoptosis induced by CTS in HCCC-9810 and RBE cells. Sustained suppression of JAK2/STAT3 and PI3K/Akt/NFκB signaling pathways by CTS results in deregulation of downstream gene (Bcl-2 family, Caspases family) expression and should contribute to apoptosis progression in CCA cells. *According to Yu and Jove31 and Rane and Reddy,32 JAKs play an essential role in mediating the activation of both STAT and PI3K/Akt signaling.

Abbreviations: CTS, cryptotanshinone; CCA, cholangiocarcinoma; PARP, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase.