Table 4.
N (%) | Model 2 (partial adjustment) | Model 3 (full adjustment) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |||||||
F-Statistic (p-value) | Beta | 95% CI | F-Statistic (p-value) | Beta | 95% CI | ||
| |||||||
Child Maltreatment | 15.59 (<.0001) | 10.44 (<.0001) | |||||
Early Childhood | 449 (15.5) | 0.739a,b | (0.64, 0.84) | 0.633a,b | (0.52, 0.74) | ||
Middle Childhood | 809 (28.0) | 0.519 | (0.44, 0.60) | 0.444 | (0.36, 0.53) | ||
Adolescence | 366 (12.7) | 0.397 | (0.29, 0.51) | 0.356 | (0.25, 0.46) | ||
Other Interpersonal Violence | 4.28 (0.005) | 3.84 (0.009) | |||||
Early Childhood | 123 (4.3) | 0.304 | (0.12, 0.49) | 0.291 | (0.10, 0.48) | ||
Middle Childhood | 476 (16.5) | 0.344d,e | (0.23, 0.46) | 0.334e | (0.21, 0.46) | ||
Adolescence | 900 (31.1) | 0.177 | (0.08, 0.27) | 0.170 | (0.07, 0.27) | ||
Adulthood | 739 (25.6) | 0.172 | (0.07, 0.27) | 0.169 | (0.07, 0.27) | ||
Non-Interpersonal Violence | 0.95 (0.414) | 0.50 (0.684) | |||||
Early Childhood | 140 (4.8) | 0.099 | (−0.07, 0.27) | −0.009 | (−0.18, 0.17) | ||
Middle Childhood | 495 (17.1) | 0.179 | (0.07, 0.29) | 0.065 | (−0.05, 0.18) | ||
Adolescence | 651 (22.5) | 0.172 | (0.07, 0.27) | 0.077 | (−0.03, 0.18) | ||
Adulthood | 871 (30.1) | 0.113 | (0.02, 0.21) | 0.041 | (−0.06, 0.14) | ||
Any trauma not yet covered | 1.26 (0.287) | 1.22 (0.302) | |||||
Early Childhood | 26 (0.9) | 0.195 | (−0.16, 0.55) | 0.210 | (−0.15, 0.57) | ||
Middle Childhood | 59 (2.04) | 0.153 | (−0.09, 0.39) | 0.167 | (−0.08, 0.41) | ||
Adolescence | 188 (6.5) | 0.056 | (−0.08, 0.19) | 0.070 | (−0.08, 0.22) | ||
Adulthood | 638 (22.1) | 0.210 | (0.12, 0.29) | 0.221 | (0.13, 0.31) |
The table presents results from Models 2 and 3, which examined age of first exposure (early childhood = age 0–5, middle childhood = age 6–10, adolescence = age 11–18, adulthood = age 19+) on depressive symptoms (z-score standardized). Model 2 (partial adjustment) controlled for age, sex, education, income, employment status, and exposure to any other traumatic event. Model 3 (full adjustment) controlled for all covariates included in Model 2 plus frequency of each trauma event occurrence (0=low frequency; 1=high reported number of occurrences of that trauma exposure). Each trauma type was examined separately, thus the table includes results of eight separate multiple regression models (two for each exposure). Beta coefficients and 95% confidence intervals (CI) indicate effects for developmental timing of exposure relative to the reference of never exposed in any developmental period. Effects are significant at p<0.05 when CI does not include 0.
refers to a significant difference (p<0.05) between early childhood versus middle childhood.
refers to a significant difference (p<0.05) between early childhood versus adolescence.
refers to a significant difference (p<0.05) between early childhood versus adulthood.
refers to a significant difference (p<0.05) between middle childhood versus adolescence.
refers to a significant difference (p<0.05) between middle childhood versus adulthood.