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. 2017 Jun 21;7:4013. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-03917-0

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Schematic representation of the results of the present study. We found that ALA improved physical performance and glucose tolerance by increasing muscle mitochondria and promoting oxygen utilization as well as by increasing BCAAs and muscle mass through suppression of BCATs expression. 5-ALA, 5-aminolevulinic acid; BCAT, branched-chain amino acid aminotransferase; BCAA, branched chain amino acid.