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. 2017 Jun 21;7:4005. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-04198-3

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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TCI increases the expression and co-localization of CXCR4, p-CaMKII and p-CREB in rat spinal dorsal neurons. (A and B) Western blot showing the time course of CXCR4 (top row), p-CaMKII (middle row) and p-CREB (bottom row) expression after TCI. (A) representative bands; (B) quantitative data. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 vs sham group; n = 4 for each group. (C) Immunofluorescence staining showing the expression and distribution of CXCR4 (top row), p-CaMKII (middle row) and p-CREB (bottom row) in the spinal cord dorsal horn. (D–G) Double and triple immunofluorescence staining showing cellular co-localization of CXCR4, p-CaMKII/p-CREB and cell markers in TCI rat spinal cord. CXCR4 (violet) co-localized with p-CaMKII (green, D) and p-CREB (green, E) in neurons (NeuN, red). Meanwhile, p-CaMKII (green, F) and p-CREB (green, G) did not co-express with astrocytes (GFAP, red) or microglial cells (IBA1, red). L4-L6 spinal tissues were taken on day 14 after TCI. Original magnification: 200× (C), 400× (D–G), and 1600 × (inserts in D–G); scale bar: 100 μm (C), 50 μm (D–G), and 20 μm (inserts in D–G).